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Mini Review Volume 4 Issue 2
Is accurate and appropriate endoscope reprocessing too hard: an experience report
Habip Gedik,1
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Leyla Gunay,1 Halil Alis,2 Aliye Yuksel Soylu3
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1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ministry of Health Bak?rk
2Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Health Bak?rk
3Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Health Bak?rk
Correspondence: Habip Gedik, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ministry of Health Bak?rköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, ?stanbul, Turkey, Tel 00 90 505 336 27 70
Received: February 02, 2017 | Published: February 24, 2017
Citation: Gedik H, Günay L, Alis H, et al. Is accurate and appropriate endoscope reprocessing too hard: an experience report. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2017;4(2):59-60. DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2017.04.00087
Mini Review
Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy related healthcare-associated infections have been a challenge, especially after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions. Despite the use of detergents and other disinfectants in the cleaning of endoscopes, microbiological cleaning of endoscopes is often a big problem. Microbiological monitoring of the endoscopes is performed with swabbing cultures or ATP-based measuring devices. The microbiological monitoring procedure should be defined in each setting checking each step of cleaning and disinfection. ATP-The ATP-bioluminescence provides a fast and cost-effective microbiological monitoring for the endoscopes.
Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy related healthcare-associated infections have been a challenge, especially after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions.1 Although the detergents and other disinfectants are used in the cleaning of endoscopes, appropriate microbiological cleaning of endoscopes is often a big problem.2 Microbiological monitoring of the endoscopes is performed with swabbing cultures or ATP-based measuring devices. The frequency of microbiological monitoring varies from once a month to once every six months in different hospitals and countries. In this article, we aimed to share our experience about microbiological monitoring of endoscopes between 2014 and 2015. We validated reprocessing of 40 endoscopes used in the gastroenterology and general surgery endoscopy units. In both units, approximately 60 endoscopic interventions are performed in a day. A total of eight Automated Endoscope Reprocessors are used for cleansing. Each endoscope is disinfected with an enzymatic solution (Cidezyme, Johnson and Johnson Company, İstanbul, Turkey) for one minute and then a high-level disinfectant (Cidex OPA, Johnson and Johnson Company, İstanbul, Turkey) for five minutes after the intervention.3 In the microbiological evaluation, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (>100 000cfu/mL) was isolated from irrigation bottles. Extended-spectrum beta -lactamases and plasmid-mediated carbapenamase producing Klebsiella pneumonia and AmpC beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>100 000cfu/mL) were isolated from elevator behind. AmpC beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>100 000cfu/mL) was isolated from gastroscope outer surface. Diphteroid bacilli (>100 000 cfu/mL) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (>100 000cfu/mL) were isolated from the endoscope hanger. After the extention of disinfection time to 10minutes and re-disinfection of all equipment before intervention in the morning, control cultures did not yield any microorganism. However, 140 endoscopes and 1200 cultures caused a remarkable workload and cost. We decided to use ATP-bioluminescence for microbiological monitoring of endoscopes. ATP-bioluminescence based tool yields result in 30 seconds, so the evaluation of endoscopes does not take a long time to keep them out of service. Decontamination procedure of endoscopes was defined and documented as:
- The ATP-bioluminescence will be used in the microbiological monitoring of endoscopes every three months.
- Endoscopes should be disinfected in case they remain 12hours of standby time after washing in the unit. Bottles and connecting hoses, which are used for endoscope irrigation should be cleaned and sterilized. In addition, sterile water must be used.
- Endoscopes with elevator wire channel may need to be washed using the syringe, due to the fact that flushing pressure may be insufficient.
- pH neutral and non-foaming detergents or enzymatic cleaners are recommended for cleaning. Enzymatic cleaners are recommended instead of pH-unknown detergents.
- The effective time of enzymatic cleaners should be defined by the manufacturer for manual and device usage.
- The 0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is used for 5-12minutes in Europe, Latin America, and Asia; 5minutes in Canada, 10minutes in Australia, and 12minutes in the USA as a high-level disinfection solution.
- Endoscope should be extended on a flat surface and aired with an injector into the air duct after taking from disinfector. High pressure that might damage the gun channel should be used only at the end portions. Also the inside and back of elevator should be dried with a sponge carefully.
- Elevator in duodenoscopy channel can be a problem, as brushing is not possible. The washing, enzymatic cleaning, drying must be performed by means of a syringe. After placing the disinfector connection hose into the elevator channel with a suitable adapter, and then disinfection, rinsing, and drying should be performed. Diameter of the channel is too small, so maximum 5 cc syringe should be used.4–7
The microbiological monitoring procedure should be defined in each setting checking each step of cleaning and disinfection. The ATP-bioluminescence provides a fast and cost-effective microbiological monitoring for the endoscopes.
Acknowledgements
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
References
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©2017 Gedik, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.