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Case Report Volume 1 Issue 7
Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula with Anorectal Malformation and Colonic Agenesis: A Case Report
Vikrant VK, G Sandlas, S Jayaswal, H Shah
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Department Of Paediatric Surgery, T.N.M.C & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, India
Correspondence: H Shah, Professor & HOD, Department Of Paediatric Surgery, T.N.M.C & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400008, India
Received: November 19, 2014 | Published: December 11, 2014
Citation: Vikrant VK, Sandlas G, Jayaswal S, Shah H (2014) Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula with Anorectal Malformation and Colonic Agenesis: A Case Report. J Pediatr Neonatal Care 1(7): 00050. DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2014.01.00050
Abstract
Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) with anorectal malformation (ARM) is a recognized association while colonic agenesis is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. We present our experience and search of literature in one such case of TEF with high ARM in addition to colonic agenesis in a newborn male child. This combination has not been reported.
Keywords: colonic agenesis, tracheo- esophageal fistula, anorectal malformation
Abbreviations
TEF, tracheo-esophageal fistula; ARM, anorectal malformation; EA, esophageal atresia
Introduction
Esophageal atresia with Tracheo- esophageal fistula (EA +TEF) is frequently associated with other congenital anomalies. The commonly associated systems are cardiovascular and gastrointestinal, including anorectal malformations. The associated anomalies adversely affect the outcome of the patient. Based on this association Waterson has given a criteria for risk stratification and survival of neonates of EA+TEF1 (Table 1). There are many case reports of TEF with ARM, but there are no reported cases of TEF with ARM with colonic agenesis.
Group |
Survival (%) |
Waterson Classification |
A |
100 |
Birth weight > 2500g and otherwise healthy |
B |
85 |
Birth weight 2000-2500gms and well or higher weight with moderate associated anomalies |
C |
65 |
Birth weight < 2000gms or higher with severe associated cardiac anomalies. |
Table 1 Waterson Risk Groups
Case study
A one day male was admitted with frothing and respiratory distress and absent anal opening. The patient was a full term normal delivery with a birth weight of 2.2kg and cried immediately after birth. Antenatal history was not significant.2 On examination, the patient had an imperforate anus with poorly developed buttocks. A red rubber catheter could be passed orally only up to 8 cm from the alveolar margin. Radiographic studies confirmed the findings of EA with TEF (Figure 1). Cross table prone X ray was indicative of high ARM (Figure 2). Routine laboratories were within normal limits. TEF repair was done via right thoracotomy extrapleural approach. On laparotomy for colostomy, the colon was absent with the small bowel was completely developed up to the ileocaecal junction, and a blind ending caecum with appendix was present (Figure 3). There was no dilatation of the proximal ileum and there was no enterovesical fistula. End caecostomy was performed however the patient succumbed to sepsis on postoperative day 3.3-5
Figure 1 Radiographic studies: The findings of EA with TEF.
Figure 2 Cross table prone X ray was indicative of high ARM.
Figure 3 Laparotomy for colostomy, the colon was absent with the small bowel was completely developed up to the ileocaecal junction, and a blind ending caecum with appendix was present.
Discussion
EA+TEF is associated with many congenital anomalies. The most frequently associated anomalies with EA±TEF are cardiac (49%) and anorectal malformations (15%) (1-5). There have been many cases of TEF with ARM described. Colonic agenesis is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Congenital short colon has been classified by Chiba et al. (Table 2). In this classification Type 1 is colonic agenesis and there is only one previous case report of colonic agenesis associated with congenital pouch colon and ileovesical fistula.6 The early disturbance in organogenesis that results in EA deformities, whatever the exact cause, also affects other organ systems. The exact embryogenesis is unknown.7 One theory that is proposed is of aborted hindgut development following obliteration of the inferior mesenteric artery early in fetal life.8 Chatterjee proposed that the caecum and the right colon develop normally from the post axial midgut when this portion of the midgut is stimulated by normally developing hindgut.9 Thus improper development of the post axial midgut or presplenic gut is due to a primary disorder of the proximal end of the hindgut or post splenic gut.10 This case is the first reported case of the combination of EA+TEF with ARM and total colonic agenesis to the best of our knowledge. As in the case this combination of anomalies may be fatal by their inherent nature of the associated malformations.
1 |
Agenesis of colon |
2 |
Short colon without imperforate anus |
3 |
Short colon with imperforate anus (dilated colon) |
4 |
Short colon as a part of exstrophy of bowel and bladder (small and narrow colon) |
5 |
Short colon due to abnormal vessels and the like |
Table 2 Chiba et al. types of short colon
Acknowledgments
None.
Conflicts of interest
None.
Funding
None.
References
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- Chatterjee SK. Anorectal malformations, A surgeons experience. Paediatric surg Int. 2004;20:393–401.
- Gupta DK, Shilpa Sharma. Congenital pouch colon–Then and now. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2007;12(1):1–12.
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