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Aquaculture & Marine Biology

Research Article Volume 5 Issue 5

Sex Ratio, Length Weight Relationships and Condition of Eight Fish Species Collected From Narreri Lagoon, Badin, Sindh, Pakistan

Sher Khan Panhwar,1 Nazia Qamar,1 Noureen Farooq, Khawar Parvez Awan1,2

1Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
2Sindh Fisheries Department, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan

Correspondence: Sher Khan Panhwar, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Pakistan

Received: April 15, 2017 | Published: April 20, 2017

Citation: Awan KP, Qamar N, Farooq N, Panhwar SK (2017) Sex Ratio, Length Weight Relationships and Condition of Eight Fish Species Collected From Narreri Lagoon, Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. J Aquac Mar Biol 5(4): 00130 DOI: 10.15406/jamb.2017.05.00130

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Abstract

Length weight relationship of eight species was calculated from Narreri lagoons. Samples were collected from August 2014 to June 2015 from trawling within the depth of 50m to 100m by gill net and trawl net. Four hundred and eighty-six specimens of eight species were selected to estimate the length weight relationship. Acanthopagrus latus (151), Mystus gulio (59), Daysciaena albida (83), Brachirus orientalis (28), Lates calcarifer (9), Ellochelon vaigiensis (106), Mugil cephalus (34) and Sparidentex hasta (16). The b value varied from 2.204 to 3.375. The growth of Mystus gulio (2.20) and Lates calcarifer (2.47) Acanthopagrus latus (2.92), Brachirus orientalis (2.92) and Mugil cephalus (2.93) showed negative allometry and Daysciaena albida (3.06), Sparidentax hasta (3.0) showed ideal isometric fish shape. Ellochelon vaigensis (3.37) exhibited positive allometric growth. Minimum length of Mugil cephalus was stated first time in the present study (13.5cm TL). Regression coefficient (R2) estimated for eight species were between 0.84-0.994 showed strong LWRs. Condition factor (K) calculated between (0.46-2.66) for all species with lower (K=0.46) in Acanthopagrus latusand highest in Mugil cephalus (K=2.66) followed by Bachirus orientalis (K=2.44). The sex ratio for each species was also calculated. Present data contributes LWRs, sex ratios to the science and may be useful for management of species moving to the lagoons through tidal link in Badin.

Introduction

Badin is famous for swampy deltic land and inconsistent flooding caused by two type of flood, one from melting of ice during summer and other from south west monsoon rain. Due to reducing flow of fresh water and erratic flooding, a person has no dependence on its own water source. The Narrerilagoon is a natural wetland, interconnected with Jabho, Pateji and Cholri wetlands and drain into a tidal link. This intrusion of sea water causes salinity and sedimentation in this lagoon. Being a dwindling natural resource, dramatic increase of fishing and threats of overcrowded area has been observed and there is a need to protect the natural resources as well as ecology of this site. The length weight relationship (LWR) are significantly applied to assess the fish stocks, condition and growth pattern of fish [1]. It also provides the condition of individual fish [2]. Fish condition show the food availability, maturity stages, environmental condition and age and gender.

Materials and Methods

Samples of eight fish species from Narreri lagoon of Badin (24˚ 39̍ 0̎ North, 68˚ 50̍ 0̎ East) collected at monthly basis from August 2014 to July 2015. The data of four hundred and eighty-six individuals of eight species caught by trawl and gill net. All species were identified by using valid relevant book (Fischer and Bianchi, 1983). Further latest species information was validated from the fish base. Body weight was measured in digital scale to the nearest0.01gm and total length was measured in fish measuring board to the nearest 0.01cm. Sex ratios and chi square test calculated and presented in table 1. Length weight relationship was calculated by transforming TL and BW to natural log [3] l og ( W )=log( a )+b log( L ).W) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaKqbacbaaaaaaa aapeGaaeiBaiaabckacaqGVbGaae4zaiaabckadaqadaWdaeaapeGa ae4vaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaabYgacaqGVbGaae4zamaabm aapaqaa8qacaqGHbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaey4kaSIaaeOyaiaabcka caqGSbGaae4BaiaabEgadaqadaWdaeaapeGaaeitaaGaayjkaiaawM caaiaac6cacaqGxbGaaiykaaaa@4EEF@ Obtained b value were confirmed for significant differenceby using t-test as t=( b3 )/(S. E ( b ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaKqbacbaaaaaaa aapeGaaeiDaiabg2da9maabmaapaqaa8qacaqGIbGaeyOeI0IaaG4m aaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaac+cacaGGOaGaae4uaiaac6cacaqGGcGaae yraiaabckadaqadaWdaeaapeGaaeOyaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa@4550@ where t is t statistics, S.E (b) Standard error of b obtained from linear regression. Fulton's condition factor was calculated for eight species by using [3] formula K=( 100×W )/L^3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaKqbacbaaaaaaa aapeGaae4saiabg2da9maabmaapaqaa8qacaaIXaGaaGimaiaaicda cqGHxdaTcaqGxbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaai4laiaabYeacaGGEbGaaG 4maaaa@4257@ where W is the body weight of fish in g and L is the total length of fish in cm.

Results

A total of four hundred and eighty-six individuals were taken for length weight estimation. Seven species belongs to Sparidae, Bagridae, Sciaenidae, Latidae and Mugilidae. Parameters of b was estimated within the range of 2.5-3.5(Froese, 2006) exhibited availability of favorable environmental condition and all species following of cube law [3]. LWRs of all species were first time presented from Narreri lagoon of Badin which will be useful for the fishery managers of Narrerilagoons.

Highest individuals of Acanthopagrus latus (151) and Ellochelon vaigiensis (106) were recorded followed by Daysciaena albida (83) (Table 1). Chi square test was tested against male and female of each species and found significantly different for Sparidentax hasta (X2 =0.85). Lates calcarifer and Mugil cephalus were female dominated, male was dominated in others. Condition factor (K) were in the range of 0.46-2.66. Acanthopagrus latus found in poor condition (K=0.46) whereas, Mugil cephalus (K=2.66) followed by Bachirus orientalis (K=2.44) observed with good condition in Narrerilagoon.

The (LWRs) was analyzed to check the growth as shown in Table 2. The b value varied from 2.204 to 3.375. The growth of Mystus gulio (2.20) and Lates calcarifer (2.47) experiencing negative allometry. Acanthopagrus latus (2.92), Brachirus orientalis (2.92) and Mugil cephalus (2.93) showed slightly negative allometry and Daysciaena albida (3.06), Sparidentax hasta (3.0) showed ideal fish shape. Ellochelon vaigensis (3.37) exhibited positive allometric growth in the present study from Narreri lagoon of Badin. Regression coefficient (R2) were in the range of 0.84-0.994 showed strong correlation between length and weight.

Minimum and maximum lengths were within range of 10.2-58cm TL. Body weight within the range of 13.7-2630g. Mean length (36.79) and weight (764) of Sparidentax hasta was higher than other seven species. Lowest mean length of Acanthopagrus latus (14.7) and mean weight Mystus gulio (37.63) were recorded in the present study (Table 3). Our results compare with previously reported estimations and lie within the total length range of all species except Mugil cephalus. Minimum length of Mugil cephalus was first time reported in the present study (13.5cm TL) when compared with other work done by Zubia [4] (Table 3 & 4).

Family Name

Species Name

F

M

Total

F/M

X2

K

Sparidae

Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782)

62

89

151

0.7

0.01

0.46

Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830)

2

14

16

0.14

0.85

1.53

Bagridae

Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822)

25

34

59

0.74

0.03

1.04

Sciaenidae

Daysciaena albida(Cuvier, 1830)

33

50

83

0.66

0.04

1.31

Soleidae

Brachirus orientalis(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

13

15

28

0.87

0.04

2.44

Latidae

Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)

8

1

9

8

0.04

1.69

Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)

46

60

106

0.77

0.24

1.46

Mugilidae

Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

22

12

34

1.83

0.31

2.66

Table 1: Sex ratio estimated for eight species collected from Narreri lagoon of Badin.

F: Female; M: Male; X2 = Chi square test; K: Condition Factor

Species Name

a

CI95% A

b

CI95% b

R2

T-Test (B=3)

Acanthopagrus latus

0.023

-4.400−-3.079

2.926

2.682−3.171

0.91

-0.339

Mystus gulio

0.11

-2.910−-1.915

2.204

2.021−2.386

0.911

-8.728

Daysciaena albida

0.008

-5.351−-4.261

3.069

2.908−3.230

0.947

0.853

Brachirus orientalis

0.019

-4.385−-3.489

2.927

2.769−3.086

0.982

-0.949

Lates calcarifer

0.091

-2.977−-1.797

2.478

2.306−2.649

0.994

-7.21

Ellochelon vaigensis

0.005

-6.147−-4.442

3.375

3.063−3.687

0.84

2.451

Mugil cephalus

0.014

-4.569−-3.870

2.931

2.814−3.047

0.987

-0.07

Sparidentax hasta

0.013

-5.253−-3.403

3.001

2.744−3.259

0.98

0.008

Table 2: Length weight parameters estimated for eight species collected from Narrerilagoon of Badin        .

a: intercept; b, Slope; a and b are constant. R2: Coefficient of determination; K: condition factor.

Species Name

Common Name

TL Min-Max

Mean ± SD

BW Min-Max

Mean ± SD

Acanthopagrus latus

Yellowfin seabream

11.5-17.7

14.71±1.301

27.18-133.1

65.69±17.63

Mystus gulio

Long whisker cat fish

10.7-20.7

15.37±1.951

19-70.7

37.63±11.29

Daysciaena albida

Bengal corvina

13-47

30.27±8.362

32-1100

363.9±276.1

Brachirus orientalis

Oriental sole

10.2-38

17.85±7.72

13.7-600

139.4±173.82

Lates calcarifer

Barramundi

20-42

32.27±9.038

172.16-1020

568.4±325.6

Ellochelon vaigensis

Squaretail mullet

11.8-19.6

15.45±1.745

20-130

55.07±22.51

Mugil cephalus

Flathead grey mullet

13.5-56.6

21.59±12.67

29.8-2060

268.3±538.9

Sparidentax hasta

Sobaity seabream

26.7-58

36.79±8.31

260-2630

764±607.11

Table 3: Total length (TL) and body weight (BW) along with mean and standard deviation calculated for eight species.

TL: Total Length; BW: Body Weight; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum; SD: Standard Deviation

References

Location

N

Length

Sex

Length

B

R2

Type

Mystus gulio

Panda, Karna, Mukherjee, & Manna et al., [6]

Chilka lagoon, India

66

M

9.4-7.7

3.18

0.2

212

F

9.2-1.5

3

0.9

341

U

8.5-1.5

3.11

0.92

Hossain, Hossen, Pramanik, & Sharmin et al., [7]

Rupsha River, Bangladesh

59

TL

Pooled

7.4-7.2

3.11

0.96

FL

3.03

0.95

SL

3.1

0.95

Daysciaena albida

Panda, Karna, Mukherjee, & Manna et al., [6]

Chilka lagoon, India

103

TL

M

12.3-58

2.95

0.96

236

TL

F

13.3-63

3.01

0.98

TL

U

3.7-68.5

3.06

0.99

62

TL

U

2.4-101.0

2.917

Lates calcarifer

Karna, Sahoo, & Panda., [8]

Chilka lagoon, India

66

TL

M

20.1-53.4

2.683

0.98

128

TL

F

19.7-50.6

2.661

0.96

Mugil cephalus

Zubia, Rehana, Muhammad, Omer, et al., [4]

Karachi coast, Pakistan

36

B

19.7-53.4

2.669

0.98

Mixed

20-37.8

36.4

0.93

F

20-36.8

33.2

0.94

M

21.7-37.8

39.8

0.92

Table4: Length weight parameters of previously reported species from different location.

Discussion

In the present study, coefficient of regression showed significant relation (R2= 0.840-0.987) between length and weight relations. The regression constant (b) values lie between the ranges of (2.204 to 3.375). Fish with b value less than 3consumed more of its energy in axial growth rather than weight [5]. Mystus gulio, Lates calcarifer, Acanthopagrus latus, Brachirus orientalis and Mugil cephalus showed negative allometry in Narreri lagoon. According to Panda et al. [6] Mystus gulio display isometric and slight positive allometric growth in Chilka lagoons. Same findings were reported from Rupusha River, Bangladesh by [7]. The b value of Daysciaena albida was within the range given by Panda et al. [6]. The b value of Lates calcarifer were close to the finding of [8] from Chilka lagoon. From our studies, we can conclude that for Mystus gulio, the condition of Narreri lagoon was not favorable and also showing low condition factor when compared with Chilka lagoon of India [9]. Also emphasized on b value and notice higher value in adult than juvenile. Froese (2006) also suggested that adult individuals were thicker than juvenile. The condition factor assessment also showed difference among different area and species. High condition factor may be due to favorable environmental while low value showed unfavorable condition [10]. Ellochelon vaigensis, Daysciaena albidaand Sparidentax hastadisplay b value greater than 3 suggested that these fishes grow more in height and width than in length Froese (2006) [11].

References

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  2. Froese R (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22: 241-253.
  3. Le Cren ED (1951) The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Percafluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2): 201-219.
  4. Zubia M, Rehana Y, Muhammad SH, Omer MT, Lakht-e-Zehra, et al. (2014) Length-Weight Relationship, Condition and Relative Condition Factor of Four Mugilid Species (Family mugildae) from the Karachi Coast of Pakistan. Journal of Coastal Development 17: 1.
  5. Vicentin W, Costa FEDS, S_uarez YR (2012) Length-weight relationships and length at first maturity for fish species in theupper Miranda River, southern Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28: 143-145.
  6. Panda D, Karna SK, Mukherjee M, Manna RK, Suresh VR, et al. (2016) Length-weight relationships of six tropical fish species from Chilika Lagoon, India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology.
  7. Hossain MY, Hossen MA, Pramanik MNU, Sharmin S, Nawer F, et al. (2016) Length-weight and length-length relationships of five Mystus species from the Ganges and Rupsha rivers, Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology.  
  8. Karna SK, Sahoo DK, Panda S (2012) Length Weight Relationship (LWR) and Growth estimation of Lates calcarifer(Bloch) in Chilika Lagoon, India. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences1(3): 61-66.
  9. Tang FJ, Liu W, Wang J, Froese R, Xie S (2012) Growth, length-weight relationship and biological information on the clear head icefish (Protosalanx hyalocranius Abbott, 1901) in Lake Khanka (Xingkai). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28: 842-844.
  10. Blackwell BG, Brown M L, Willis DW (2000) Relative Weight (Wr) Status and Current Use in Fisheries Assessment and Management. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8: 1-44.
  11. Gomiero LM, Braga FMS (2005) The condition factor of fishes from two river basins in Sao Paulo Stae, Southeast of Brazil. Acta Scientiae Maringa 27: 73-78.
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