A checklist of metazoan parasites from albacore Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788)

doi:10.15406/jamb.2018.07.00183

Journal of

eISSN: 2378-3184

Aquaculture & Marine Biology

Mini Review Volume 7 Issue 1

A checklist of metazoan parasites from albacore Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788)

Cl udio G da Silva,¹

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Guelson B da Silva²

¹P s gradua o em Produ o Animal Centro de Ci ncias Agr rias Universidade Federal Rural do Semi rido Brazil
²Professor do Curso de Engenharia de Pesca Centro de Ci ncias Agr rias Universidade Federal Rural do Semi rido Brazil

Correspondence: Cl udio G da Silva Laborat rio de Sanidade Aqu tica Centro de Ci ncias Agr rias Universidade Federal Rural do Semi rido Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Received: February 09, 2018 | Published: February 22, 2018

Citation: Silva CG, et al. (2018) A checklist of metazoan parasites from albacore Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788). J Aquac Mar Biol 7(1): 00183 DOI: 10.15406/jamb.2018.07.00183

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Abstract

A checklist of the metazoan parasites of host fish Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) was compiled from parasitological records published between 1940 and 2010. The checklist is arranged alphabetically, providing valid names and authorities of the parasite species, its capture sites, author(s) and date of published records. A total of 14 valid species are listed from T. alalunga. Parasite species where host data are missing or where the parasite was found not associated with a T. alalunga not are included.

Keywords: checklist, albacore, fish parasites, digenea, crustacea, monogenea

Introduction

The dispersion pattern of the parasites has been considered of great importance to the population dynamics of the parasite-host relationship,^1,2and the parasitic abundance dependent processes influence on survival and fertility of hosts.³ Generally, the damage caused to the host by parasitic diseases is related to the species of parasite, its form of feeding, organ or tissue of the affected host, intensity of the parasitism and to the general state of the host.^4,5 Parasitic infestations may delay the growth and weight gain of host fish when they affect food intake.^6,7

The parasites are very useful for investigating the biology, ecology, migration and population structure bodies marine,⁸ and are also successfully used to clarify the various taxonomic relationships among its hosts.^9,10 Various studies have been conducted over the years to determine the diversity and relative effect of parasitism in the world.¹¹

Digeneans have a ventral or postero-ventral sucker, sometimes absent and the adults are primarily parasites of the gut, but they also occur free or incapsulated in the tissues of the vertebrates.^12,13 Monogeneans are a group of largely ectoparasitic members of the phylum Platyhelminthes. These worms are considered to be among the most host-specific parasites in fish, commonly found on fins, body skin, gills, gill chambers, buccal cavity, cornea and nostrils of their host.¹⁴The parasites Crustaceans are the most diverse and ubiquitous subphylum of arthropods in the seas. Most of the crustacean parasites are ectoparasites of a wide range of marine invertebrate and vertebrate organisms.¹⁵

The Albacore Thunnus alalunga (Teleostei: Scombridae) is a migratory cosmopolitan tuna distributed throughout tropical and temperate areas of all oceans, being one top level predator, and its diet varies according to size and availability of prey and the populations of this fish from different oceans are managed as separate stocks, based on the available evidence of geographical separation, and distinct spawning areas and seasons.¹⁶ In the world, there is no checklist of parasites that infest the host fish T. alalunga, which can generate deficiencies for the understanding of new studies.

This study is a start in correcting this deficiency by giving an updated checklist of the Metazoan parasites that infest the host fish Thunnus alalunga, using current and can be a useful tool for studying the parasite distribution as well as the general parasite diversity in T. alalunga, and it may also be an important tool for planning research activities in marine fish parasitology.

Methods

To compile the list parasites of Albacore Thunnus alalunga in the world, the records were obtained by searching the Scopus, Springer, SciELO, Web of Science, Elsevier, in the mechanism of search of Google Scholar and the Portal of Periodicals CAPES/MEC. To compile the data of the parasitic fauna of Albacore (T. alalunga) data were compiled from the following studies: Guiart & Mele et al.^16‒19

Checklist

This metazoan parasite checklist includes only Digenea, Crustacea and Monogenea. This checklist was compiled from records published between 1940 and 2010, covering a total of 4 papers. The papers analysed by us recorded 14 valid species parasitizing T. alalunga. Reports of one parasite that had not been identified to the species level were included in this checklist. Parasite species where host data are missing or where the parasite was found not associated with a T. alalunga not are included. The results are presented as a list of parasite species in T. alalunga (Table 1). The specific distribution of species in the host fish is also recorded.

Parasite species	Location	Author and record
Monogenea
Capsalapaucispinosa	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Capsalathynni	Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Dollfus¹⁸
Digenea
Didymocystislanceolata	Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Guiart¹⁷
Didymocystismacrorchis	Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Guiart¹⁷
Didymocystisreniformis	Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Guiart¹⁷
Didymosulcusaahi	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Didymosulcusdimidiatus	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Didymozoonlongicolle	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Didymozoonpretiosus	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Nematobothriumlatum	Mediterranean Sea Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Mele et al.¹⁶ Guiart¹⁷
Wedliabipartita	Mediterranean Sea Northeastern Atlantic Ocean	Mele et al.¹⁶ Guiart ¹⁷
Crustacea
Euryphorusbrachypterus	Northeastern Atlantic Ocean Northwest Atlantic Ocean Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean Southwestern Atlantic Ocean	Dollfus¹⁸ Cressey and Cressey¹⁹ Cressey and Cressey¹⁹ Cressey and Cressey¹⁹
Pseudocycnusappendiculatus	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶
Rocinela sp.	Mediterranean Sea	Mele et al.¹⁶

Table 1 Checklist of the metazoan parasites of Albacore Thunnus alalunga (Parasite-Host list)

Studies of parasitic occurrences in Thunnus alalunga in the parasite groups Monogenea, Digenea and Crustacea were found between 1940 and 2010, of which there was a higher parasite occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea with 9 species identified, followed by Northeastern Atlantic Ocean with 7 species, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean with 1 species each (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Distribution of parasitic species of Albacore (T. alalunga) in the oceans.
Abbreviations: MS, mediterranean sea; NEA, Northeastern Atlantic Ocean; NWA, Northwest Atlantic Ocean; ECA, Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean; SWA, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

It is noticed the importance of literature review works, since it facilitates the work of future researchers, when there is a checklist of a certain species. During the research, it is understood that there are few researches in the branch of parasitology there are few reports of parasite works of fish of the species T. alalunga, even with this species inhabiting the oceans.