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Literature Review Special Issue Palm Oil in Health and Technology
Supply chain visibility in palm oil under AI adoption: a review of benefits, risks, and implementation gaps
Loso Judijanto
Received: August 05, 2026 | Published: August 27, 2026
Citation: Judijanto L. Supply chain visibility in palm oil under AI adoption: a review of benefits, risks, and implementation gaps. Open Access J Sci. 2026;9(1):421-430. DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2026.09.00326
Abstract
Palm oil supply chains face increasing pressure to demonstrate verifiable, technologysupported traceability amid tightening sustainability regulations and certification requirements, yet the growing body of literature on artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in this sector remains fragmented across disciplinary and methodological boundaries. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize peer-reviewed literature examining the adoption of AI and complementary digital technologies to enhance supply chain visibility within the palm oil industry, with particular attention to the benefits reported, the risks and constraints identified, and the implementation gaps that persist across the reviewed evidence base. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design guided by the PRISMA protocol was employed, relying exclusively on secondary data and not involving primary data collection through interviews, focus group discussions, or field observation. Data were collected through the Scopus database using a staged keyword strategy, beginning with 166 records for “artificial intelligence AND palm oil,” refined through a more specific Boolean search to 53 records, filtered by publication year (2021–2026) to 51 records, and narrowed through relevance screening to a final set of 24 included studies. Data were analyzed through thematic synthesis across five recurring areas of focus. Results indicate that AI and blockchain adoption is consistently associated with improved data integrity, verification efficiency, and certification alignment, while implementation is constrained by infrastructure limitations, cost, digital literacy gaps, and limited smallholder inclusion. The review concludes that visibility gains depend more on organizational and institutional readiness than on technological sophistication alone. Future research is recommended to pursue cross-regional comparative studies and longitudinal evaluation of deployed systems.
Keywords: supply chain visibility; artificial intelligence; palm oil; traceability; systematic literature review
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