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Literature Review Special Issue Palm Oil in Health and Technology
Palm oil-based biomaterials as carriers for antimicrobial and therapeutic agents: A systematic review
Loso Judijanto
Received: May 20, 2026 | Published: June 9, 2026
Citation: Judijanto L. Palm oil-based biomaterials as carriers for antimicrobial and therapeutic agents: A systematic review. Open Access J Sci. 2026;9(1):286-296. DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2026.09.00312
Abstract
The demand for greener and biologically safe materials in biomedical applications has led researchers to explore bio-origin resources as effective carriers for therapeutic agents. Among these, palm oil-derived biomaterials have gained attention due to their adaptable chemical composition and functional versatility. This study aims to systematically review and analyse the current state of research on palm oil-based biomaterials as carriers for antimicrobial and therapeutic agents, focusing on material types, formulation strategies, and their physicochemical and biological performance. A structured and reproducible framework underpins the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach used in this study. Data were collected from the Scopus database through a combination of broad and refined keyword strategies. The initial search yielded 237 articles, which were subsequently filtered based on relevance, publication period (2020–2026), and accessibility, resulting in 34 eligible peerreviewed studies. Through qualitative thematic synthesis, the data analysis aimed to identify common patterns emerging from the selected publications. The results indicate five major thematic domains: material sources, formulation strategies, physicochemical performance, antimicrobial and therapeutic effectiveness, and release behaviour. The reviewed studies demonstrate that palm oil-based biomaterials exhibit favourable encapsulation efficiency, stable physicochemical properties, effective antimicrobial activity, and controlled release characteristics across various delivery systems. In conclusion, palm oil-derived biomaterials provide a versatile and functionally consistent platform for drug delivery applications. Upcoming studies should focus on establishing standardised methodologies, conducting long-term stability analyses, and engineering hybrid systems to achieve improved performance and wider applicability.
Keywords: palm oil biomaterials, drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, nanocarriers, systematic literature review
©2026 Judijanto. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.