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Research Article Volume 9 Issue 1
Optimization of NH4NO3 to 50% and healthy growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum with Methylobacterium symbioticum and Xanthobacter autotrophicus and a crude carbon nanoparticle extract
Paulina Correa-Flores, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez
Received: February 10, 2026 | Published: March 2, 2026
Citation: Correa-Flores P, Sánchez-Yáñez JM. Optimization of NH4NO3 to 50% and healthy growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum with Methylobacterium symbioticum and Xanthobacter autotrophicus and a crude carbon nanoparticle extract. Open Access J Sci. 2026;9(1):72-77. DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2026.09.00289
Abstract
The intensive cropping of Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum requires nitrogen fertilizer such a NH 4NO3 for healthy growth. However, NH 4NO3 normally exceeds the uptake capacity of the root system of both plant species, leaving NO3- behind. The remainder in the soil becomes the final electron acceptor for the anaerobic heterotrophic microbiota, releasing nitrogen oxide (N 2O), a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the effect of M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus on the growth of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum with 50% NH4NO3 and 10 ppm a crude carbon nanoparticles extract. For this purpose, seeds of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum were inoculated with M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus with 10 ppm of a crude carbon nanoparticle extract (CCNE), in soil contained in Leonard jars poor in organic matter and mineral nitrogen, under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was: 1) P . vulgaris and T. aestivum seeds uninoculated irrigated only with water, 2) P . vulgaris and T. aestivum seeds uninoculated fed with mineral solution and NH 4NO3 at 100%, 3) P . vulgaris and T. aestivum with M. symbioticum, a mineral solution containing 50% NH 4NO3 plus 10 ppm CCNE 4) P . vulgaris and T. aestivum with X. autotrophicus mineral solution and NH 4NO3 at 50% plus 10 ppm CCNE 5) P . vulgaris and T. aestivum with M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus mineral solution with NH4NO3 at 50% plus 10 ppm CCNE. By the following response variables: phenology: plant height, and root length, biomass: fresh and dry weight of the foliar and root system. Experimental results were analyzed by variance (ANOV A) and Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). The results showed a positive effect of M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus on the phenology and biomass of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum, with numerical values statistically difference, even better improvement due to double inoculation with M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus was performed on both plant species compared to the growth of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum uninoculated with mineral solution with100% NH4NO3. This demonstrates that both endophytic bacterial species, resident in the roots of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum, optimized uptake NH4NO3 at 50% due to synthesis of phytohormones from root metabolites, while the 10 ppm of CCNE activated rapid NH4NO3 uptake and a positive response from the root system of P . vulgaris and T. aestivum, that reduced at minimal concentration of NO 3-, that cause the release of N2O, that contributes to global warming. This supports the value of M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus with the CCNE. vulgaris and T. aestivum without the common environmental detriment of NH4NO3 over-fertilization.
Keywords: soil, legume, cereal, plant growth promoting endophytes, nitrogen fertilizer, global warming, environmental health
©2026 Correa-Flores, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.