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Research Article Volume 9 Issue 1
Colour changes of teak wood from three different seed sources to solvent extraction
Fatra Valahatul Ihda, Ganis Lukmandaru
Received: March 30, 2026 | Published: April 15, 2026
Citation: Ihda FV, Lukmandaru G. Colour changes of teak wood from three different seed sources to solvent extraction. Open Access J Sci. 2026;9(1):149-154. DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2026.09.00299
Abstract
Teak is a highly-sought timber, especially for furniture, due the outstanding quality of the wood. Superior teak has been developed from clonal propagation. Therefore, this study aims to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and color properties of three seed sources: conventional, superior seed, and superior clone (Jati Plus Perhutani). The materials used in this research were teak trees (15 years) from KPH Ciamis, West Java, and teak trees (65 years) from KPH Madiun for comparison purposes. The wood was successively extracted with n-hexane, methanol, and hot water. Total phenolic content was measured in the extracts soluble in n-hexane and methanol. Using the CIELab system, the color properties before extraction was L* (brightness) = 45.21-67.50; a* (redness) = 8.15-12.75; b* (yellowness) = 23.88-28.54, while after extraction they were L* = 52.53-66.05; a* = 6.62-9.16; b* = 19.77- 22.76. Seed sources did not affect the colour properties before and after extraction. The L* and a* values before and after extraction were significantly affected by radial direction. After extraction, in the heartwood region, brightness change (ΔL*) increased, whereas redness (Δa*) and yellowness (Δb*) changes decreased. The total color difference (ΔE*) ranged from 5 to 11. The superior clone had comparatively low ΔL* values in the outer heartwood. Color changes in mature heartwood (control) were higher in ΔL* and lower in a* and b*. The TPC from n-hexane and methanol extracts, also its combination, ranged from 61.07-80.21, 118-131.72, and 180.73-211.65 mg GAE/g samples, respectively. Seed sources significantly affected TPC values, with samples from superior seed and superior clone exhibiting higher amounts than those from conventional teak. No systematic pattern was observed between color properties and TPC values.
Keywords: tree breeding, clonal forest, JPP, quinone, radial direction
©2026 Ihda, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.