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Editorial
Neuroscience is among the most important modern sciences and that includes a variety of fields such as cognitive neuroscience1,2 and educational neuroscience.3 The main focus of neuroscience is the physiology and the pathology of the nervous system at molecular, cellular and organizational levels
The nervous system represents a network within which a huge amount of signals are transmitted via neurons thorough a variety of neurotransmitters4,5 and gap junctions. Many phenomena related to the nervous system remain unexplained6 and among those explained, the explanations are still theories yet to become facts. May be it is necessary to go beyond the neurotransmitters mechanisms, cognition and psychology; and further investigate the “non-neurological” aspects of the nervous system to further understand the panoramic image of this mysterious yet amazing system.
Indeed, biochemistry, as a science that defines the chemistry of life, provides key features to elucidate the functions of enzymes, biomolecules, and ions. These elements play important role in the physiology and the biology of the nervous system and the neurons; including energy transfer, neurotransmitters synthesis and degradation, cell death and membranes potential. In addition biochemistry can explain the effects chemical can have on neurons too.7 Importantly, biochemistry also describes metabotropic receptors of the nervous system, such as the G protein coupled receptors,8 that play important roles in both neurophysiology9 and neuropharmacology.10 Furthermore, biochemistry governs biological events related to field such as genetic (gene expression) and proteomics that are closely related to the well-functioning of the nervous system as well.
Such concepts, if put within the adequate context, would surely strengthen our knowledge about neuroscience and provide fruitful details to understand neurological functioning, develop therapies (based on both biochemistry and pharmacology11-13), build animal models of neurological disease14,15 such as Alzheimer’s disease16,18 and Parkinson disease.19
Acknowledgments
Abdelaziz Ghanemi is a recipient of a 2013 CAS-TWAS President's Postgraduate Fellowship.
Conflicts of interest
None.
References
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- Ghanemi A. Biological properties and perspective applications of “Bio–neuter” chemicals? Saudi Pharm J. 2014;22(1):1–2.
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- Ghanemi A. Targeting G protein coupled receptor–related pathways as emerging molecular therapies. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(2):115–129.
- Ghanemi A. How to define a pharmacological or a toxic food? Alexandria Journal of Medicine. [Article In Press]. 2014.
- Ghanemi A, Boubertakh B. Shorter and sturdier bridges between traditional Chinese medicines and modern pharmacology. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(3):330–332.
- Ghanemi A. Is mapping borders between pharmacology and toxicology a necessity? Saudi Pharm J. 2014;22(6):489–490.
- Ghanemi A. How to map the bridges between zoology and pharmacology? The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology. [Article in Press]. 2015.
- Giusto E, Donega M, Cossetti C, et al. Neuro–immune interactions of neural stem cell transplants: From animal disease models to human trials. Exp Neurol. 2014;260:19–32.
- Ghanemi A. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease: Limits and challenges. NPG Neurologie – Psychiatrie – Geriatrie. 2014;14(84):303–305.
- Ghanemi A. Alzheimer’s disease therapies: Selected advances and future perspectives. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2015;51(1):1–3.
- Chen X, Hu J, Jiang L, et al. Brilliant Blue G improves cognition in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease and inhibits amyloid–β–induced loss of filopodia and dendrite spines in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience. 2014;279:94–101.
- Morin N, Jourdain VA, Di Paolo T. Modeling dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol. 2014;256:105–116.
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