Zika Virus Infection and Disease

doi:10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00082

Journal of

eISSN: 2373-6453

Human Virology & Retrovirology

Editorial Volume 3 Issue 2

Zika Virus Infection and Disease

Attapon Cheepsattayakorn,^1,2,3

Verify Captcha

Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID.

Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn⁴

¹Senior Editor, Journal of Human Virology and Retrovirology, USA
²10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Thailand
³5th Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Ratchaburi, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
⁴Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand

Correspondence: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, 143 Sridornchai Road, Changklan Muang, Chiang Mai, 50100 Thailand, Tel 66 53 140767, 66 53 276364, Fax 66 53 140773, 66 53 273590

Received: February 16, 2016 | Published: February 17, 2016

Citation: Cheepsattayakorn A, Cheepsattayakorn R (2016) Zika Virus Infection and Disease. J Hum Virol Retrovirol 3(2): 00082. DOI: 10.15406/jhvrv.2016.03.00082

Download PDF

Keywords

Zika virus, Infection, Disease, Flaviviruses, Symptoms

Editorial

Zika virus is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti. Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is related to other pathogenic vector-borne flaviviruses including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and West-Nile viruses, but produces a comparatively mild clinical manifestations in humans. There is no indication that it can spread person to person through casual contact. Nevertheless, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed the first American case of Zika virus infection in a non-traveler in the continental United States after the individual’s sexual partner returned from an affected area and developed clinical symptoms. About 80% of people infected with the Zika virus do not develop any clinical symptoms. Nevertheless, of those who do experience clinical symptoms, they are usually mild and include fever, arthralgia, conjunctivitis (red eyes) or a rash. Other clinical symptoms can include headache and myalgia.

The incubation period is likely to be a few days to a week. The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week. The virus usually remains in the blood for a few days, but it can be identified longer in some individuals. Cases with severe disease requiring hospital admission is uncommon. There are at least 72 persons who have been diagnosed with the Zika virus infection or disease in the United States since the latest outbreak began. At least four pregnant women have been confirmed the diagnosis of Zika virus infection. All of the infected cases are believed to have been travel related except for one that was transmitted through sexual contact from an infected traveler to their partner that mentioned before. The disease has historically occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia, and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Zika virus disease is considered an emerging infectious disease with potential to spread to new areas. In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in northeastern Brazil. The virus has since spread throughout much of the South America, Central America, and the Carribean.

They had more evidence that links the Zika virus to a dangerous birth defect namely“ microcephaly ”. The genetic material of the Zika virus was identified in brain tissue from two infants with microcephaly who had finally died. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that pregnant woman consider postponing travel to any area where the Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Despite these relatively mild clinical symptoms, several health officials are investigating a possible association between Zika virus infections in pregnant women and certain birth defects.The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is performed through serologic and molecular testing that includes reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies.Individuals prevent Zika virus infection by avoiding mosquito bites. Currently, there is no vaccine or medications are available to prevent or treat Zika virus infection.