Journal of
eISSN: 2373-6453
Submit manuscript...
Research Article Volume 12 Issue 1
Assessment of nephrotoxicity and nepatotoxicity in HIV-positive subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Nsukka Senatorial Zone, Nigeria
Jacintha Ijeoma Ossai, Okpanachi Nuhu Oyibo, Anne Okonta, Christian Isioma Okonta, Ejike Success Nkwachi, Michael Unekwuojo Attah, Evurani Somtochukwu Amuche, Oladosu Micheal Abimbola, Moses Adondua Abah, Aham Christopher, Daniel Temiloluwa Oyedemi, Elvis Obi Besong, Christian Chuwang Musa, Biola Rasheedat Adebayo, Anthony Olalekan Akande, Etus Patrick Chimuanya, Sunday Kaura
Received: December 20, 2024 | Published: January 29, 2025
Citation: Ossai JI, Oyibo ON, Okonta A, et al. Assessment of Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in HIV-Positive Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Nsukka Senatorial Zone, Nigeria. J Hum Virol Retrovirol. 2025;12(1):5-10 DOI: 10.15406/jhvrv.2025.12.00280
Abstract
Nigeria is reportedly rated second in global HIV prevalence. 9.3 million, nearly a quarter of HIV patients globally, are regarded as naïve seropositive HIV carriers because they are presently not receiving treatments due to a lack of awareness, religious beliefs or other sociopolitical factors. Consequently, a person dies from AIDS-related causes every minute. The study aimed at investigating the effects of antiretroviral therapy on the integrity of the liver and kidney of seropositive subjects in Nsukka Senatorial Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria was studied. A total of Three hundred (300) seropositive subjects were divided into 5 groups dependent on the duration of antiretroviral (ARV) drug consumption and fifty (50) seronegative subjects which served as negative control were used for the study. The liver function parameters studied were total bilirubin concentration, activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), concentrations, total serum protein, albumin, and globulin. The kidney function parameters evaluated included sodium, potassium chloride, urea, and creatinine concentrations. The results showed significant increase in the total bilirubin concentration, ALT, and AST activities of HIV seropositive subjects on ARV drugs when compared with the control (p<0.05), while ALP activity did not differ significantly. Additionally, the total serum protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and serum potassium, urea, and creatinine of HIV seropositive on ARV drugs were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared with the control The research found that the proportion of liver and kidney dysfunction increased with the duration of ART use. Specifically, 10-25% of subjects on ART for over four years exhibited kidney dysfunction, while 10-45% showed liver damage. These findings highlight the importance of early ART after test and regular monitoring to mitigate the risks of ART-related hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Keywords: hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV seropositive.
©2025 Ossai, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.