Use of micro tunnels to produce cantaloupe melon out of season in the comarca lagunera region, northern Mexico

doi:10.15406/hij.2020.04.00169

eISSN: 2576-4462

Horticulture International Journal

Short Communication Volume 4 Issue 4

Use of micro tunnels to produce cantaloupe melon out of season in the comarca lagunera region, northern Mexico

Arturo Gaytán Mascorro,¹

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YasminIleana Chew-Madinaveitia,² José de Jesús Espinoza-Arellano,³ David Guadalupe Reta-Sánchez,⁴ JoséAlfredo Samaniego-Gaxiola,² Héctor Javier Martínez-Agüero¹

¹Departamento de Fitomejoramiento, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Unidad Laguna, México
²INIFAP-Centro de Investigación Regional Norte Centro- Campo Experimental La Laguna, México
³INIFAP-Centro de Investigación Regional Norte Centro- Campo Experimental Delicias, México.
⁴Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, Universidad Autónoma Coahuila, Unidad Torréon, México

Correspondence: Arturo Gaytán-Mascorro, Departamento de Fitomejoramiento, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Unidad Laguna. Periférico Raúl López Sánchez km 1.5 y Carretera a Santa Fe S/N. 27059 Torreón, Coahuila, México, México

Received: July 20, 2020 | Published: August 3, 2020

Citation: Gaytán-Mascorro A, Chew-Madinaveitia YI, Espinoza-Arellano JJ, et al. Use of micro tunnels to produce cantaloupe melon out of season in the comarca lagunera region, northern Mexico. Horticult Int J. 2020;4(4):122-123. DOI: 10.15406/hij.2020.04.00169

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Abstract

The Comarca Lagunera región is th emost important area for cantaloupe production in Mexico with about 6,000 hectares. However, under traditional production systems there are problems that limit production. An important problem is that early planting (January) without protection systems crops are damaged by low temperatures, which causes great economic losses. The objective of this work is to present information, obtain edduring the 2010-2018 period, of research and technology transfer projects of the use of polypropylene microtunnels to produce cantaloupe at an early planting date in the Comarca Lagunera region, Mexico. The results showed that with the use of microtunnels,in early planting dates, a better agronomic behavior of the crop, higher productivity and better profitability have been achieved.

Keywords: cantaloupe, microtunnels, early planting, market window

Introduction

The Comarca Lagunera region, located in the North Central Mexico, is the largest cantaloupe-producing area in the country with about 6,000 hectares.The Lagunera región is located between the parallels 26º 51 ’00” and 24º 22'48” northlatitude and themeridians 101º 51’36” and 104º 48`36”west of Green wich and analtitude of 1200 masl. This región registers high temperaturas durings pring and summer seasons with levels ≥ 35 / 20ºC day/night and low temperaturas during the months of November-February, typical conditions of arid and semi-arid environments in northern Mexico.¹ In this region, traditional melonplanting date takes place from March 1 to March 15 and is harvested from May 20 onwards.² In this period there is a lot of production, the market saturates and the price falls.³ To improve this situation, producers have been looking for alternatives to increase productivity and profitability, among which one is the early planting dates. Early plantations are at risk of damage from low temperatures, but cantaloupe farmers take the risk because of the possibility of selling at better prices. In 2011, La Laguna Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agricultural, Livestock and Forestry Research of Mexico(INIFAP)started a research line with the aim of producing melonout of season.^4,5Agribon (polypropylene) micro tunnels (MT) have been tested to improve yields and induce precocity in cantaloupe.^6,7This technology allows harvesting outside thet raditional season at an early date, protects plants from low temperatures, from the effect of wind, from attack by rodents, from diseases caused by soil fungi such as Damping off and Fusariumand induces precocity. The trials in the experimental station were carried out during the years 2011-2013 while in farmers' fields from 2014 to 2018. The factors under study were the protection systems with and with out the use of microtunnels with three treatments: two early planting dates (January 1 -12; January 18-23) and as a control the traditional planting date (March 1-15). Simple and factorial experimental designs were used, with 3 to 4 repetitions. In 2014, after having worked experimentally for three years, technology transfer began with producers in the region. Gaytan-Mascorro A et al.⁸ indicates that the use of agribon MT can be a profitable technology in the Comarca Lagunera. Some authors consider that with the use of micro-tunnels a 15% yields increase would be sufficient to be profitable.⁹

Currently 33% of the melón area in the Comarca Lagunera región, in early planting dates, uses microtunnels. The results obtained with the use of this technology are as follows:

Economic results

Sales prices: Withthe use of MT (17g/m²polypropylene) the harvest was advanced on average from 18 to 20 days; as a result, it was posible to sell at better prices. It is posible to reuse microtunnels for at least four production seasons. Table 1 compares the sale pricesusing MT (january) vs traditional plant ingseason (march) during the 2014-2018 period; the difference in favor of the are clear:

Season	Price range under use of micro tunnel ($/kg)	Price range under traditional planting season ($/kg)
2014	$ 0.22- $ 0.27	$ 0.09- $ 0.13
2015	$ 0.27- $ 0.36	$ 0.09- $ 0.13
2016	$ 0.27- $ 0.36	$ 0.08- $ 0.18
2017	$ 0.20 - $ 0.29	$ 0.07 - $ 0.18
2018	$ 0.29 - $ 0.36	$ 0.07 - $ 0.24

Table 1 Farm level cantaloupe prices (USD/kg) using microtunnels vs traditional planting season during the 2014-2018 period

Percentage of harvest due to the use of MT: Because of precocity during use of microtunnels the first 18 days from the start of harvest, the MT system produces between 65% and 80% of the total yield, managing to sell at the best prices of the season. Micro-tunnels modify the environment in the plant, resulting in benefits of accelerated growth, early maturity, and a posible increase in yield.¹⁰

Protection against rodents that damage seed: It is posible to sabe from $ 66.67 to $ 222.22 / ha forseed and wages for replanting activities;

Savings by elimination in the application of fungicides and insecticides: $7.29 per hectare;

Benefit/cost ratio: According to production costs and revenues, the following benefit-cost relationships have been estimated: with microtunnels: 4.1; traditional planting season: 2.62.

Technological results

Melon production out of season at anearly date:–Under treatment 1 (MT and planting date 1-12 January) the harvest was obtained between April 8 and 16; under treatment 2 (MT and planting date 18-23 January) the harvest was obtained between April 22 and 28; while under the control treatment (planting dateMarch 1-15) the harvest was obtained on average from May 12 to 23;this is two or three-week advance with the harvest in the best time of cantalopupe prices;

Use of Technology: During the period 2014-2018 the use of MT technology in cantaloupe has had variations in planting area. The approximate planting area with MT has increased from180 ha in 2014to 300 ha in 2018;

Increase in temperature in soil and with in microtunel: Root diseases such as Fusarium do not prosper, which may cause losses of up to 30%.Other reserach results indicate that MT of polyethylene, have shown advantages in yield and quality of fruit in melón with respect to a system with out protection at planting dates of December 15.¹¹ In the Lagunera region, the use of a polyethylene protection system has caused damage to the plant canopy due to high temperatures, causing leaf edgeburns. With polypropylene MT the damage has been of Little significance.

Enviromental results

Low Temperature Protection: During the 2013-2019 period, temperatures up to -5 ºC have been presented for short periods of time, with the use of MT this condition has been tolerated. It is important to consider the effect of the width of the polypropylene.

Conclusion

With the use of MT of polypropylene, cantaloupe could be produced from the first week of April in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico, with an advance between two or three weeks compared to the traditional system, achieving better profitability. The benefits obtained from this technology in comercial plantings were evaluated through technological, economic and environmental indicators.