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Research Article Volume 8 Issue 1
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis between aborted ladies in Atbara district, Sudan
Rayan Khalid Mohamed Taha,1 Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad,1
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Khalid Mohamed Taha,3 Ali Elamin Nasir Hamad1
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1Department of Medical Parasitology University of Science and Technology Sudan
2Department of Medical Parasitology Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University Sudan
3Laboratory of veterinary Research Sudan
Correspondence: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad, Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Sudan, Tel 249912659582
Received: January 25, 2019 | Published: February 12, 2019
Citation: Taha RKM, Hamad MNM, Taha KM, et al. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis between aborted ladies in Atbara district, Sudan. MOJ Womens Health.2019;8(1):86-87. DOI: 10.15406/mojwh.2019.08.00217
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an oblige intracellular protozoan parasite leading to toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Principal maternal infection with toxoplasmosis throughout pregnancy is frequently associated with vertical transmission to the fetus. However it is not convinced whether Toxoplasma infection can cause frequent abortion.
Justification: There is no formerly published data about the occurrence of toxoplasmosis between aborted women in Atbara district.
Objectives: To recognize the Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Atbara district
Method: Cross sectional, descriptive study, 152 aborted women from Atbara district were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, three diagnostic techniques were used (latex agglutination, ICT and ELISA).
Result: Generally the Seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma parasite between aborted women according to the techniques used; 33.6 % by latex agglutination, 22.4 % by ICT and 35.5 % by ELISA method.
Conclusion: The study conclude that there was high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the participants and indicated that ELISA is the best serological method for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Keywords: toxoplasmosis, abortion, Atbara, gondii, infection, life, cycle, agent
Introduction
Toxoplasma gondii is an oblige intracellular protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle. This agent causes toxoplasmosis between humans and animals and is one of the most prevalent chronic infections, infecting one third of the globe population.1–5 It’s an important cause of reproductive failure in humans and farm animals leading to significant socio-economic losses worldwide.6 Three major sorts are accountable for fetal: consumption of including raw or semi-cooked meat, eating the oocysts defecated by cats and transplacental transmission from an infected pregnant mother to her fetus.7,8 Consideration of toxoplasmosis between pregnant ladies (owing to the danger of maternal transmission) and immunocompromised patients is of great significance for control programmes since infection can lead to severe pathologic endings amongst neonates with congenital toxoplasmosis and patients with immunodeficiency status.9,10
Many serological methods, for example the latex agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescence antibody test, have been applied in the detection of antibodies against T.gondii in pregnant ladies. Though, ELISA is the most frequently used diagnostic method.8,10
Earlier research has revealed that toxoplasmosis infection was more frequent between those with history of close contact with cats, raw meat and vegetable consumption, and low learning level.3 The most significant benefit in the serology of Toxoplasma is to detect whether the pregnant lady has acute infection or not, and if so, whether it happened before pregnancy.11 The major trouble in diagnosis between pregnant ladies is long-term antibody IgM, but T. gondii-specific antibody (IgM) does not necessarily indicate acute illness.12
Though the infection is frequently asymptomatic or mild and self-limiting (fever, agitation, lymphadenopathy), infection happening throughout pregnancy leads vertical transmission to the fetus.3
Scarce is known about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in ladies with abortions. Seroprevalence of infection with T. gondii changeable from 17% to 43.8% in women with abortions have been reported in Pakistan,13 Egypt,14 and India.15
Justification
There is no previously published data about the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Atbara district.
Objectives
To know the Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Atbara district.
Material and method
Study design
Cross sectional, descriptive study.
Study area
Atbara district, River Nile State, Sudan.
Study period
February –January, 2017.
Study population
Aborted ladies from Atbara district.
Sample size
152 ladies were involved in the study
Data collection: Well constructed questionnaire was established to collect data from each participant.
Statistical analysis
SPSS was used in analysis of the results.
Method
Latex agglutination, Immunochromatographic and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays methods were applied in the study.
Ethical consideration
Each participant was informed about the objective of the study and they were consent to be involved in the study.
Result
The overall Seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis between aborted ladies according to the techniques used; 33.6 % by latex technique, 22.4 % by ICT technique and 35.5 % by ELISA technique
Conclusion
We conclude that there was high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the participants and indicated that ELISA is the best serological method for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Recommendation
Further studies must be done with large sample size applying both serological and molecular diagnostic methods.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to all women involved in the study and to their families.
Conflict of interest
The author declares there are no conflicts of interest.
References
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- Saki J, Mohammadpour N, Moramezi F, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who have aborted in comparison with the women with normal delivery in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Sci World J. 2015;764369.
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- Golkar M, Rafati S, Abdel-Latif MS, et al. The dense granule protein GRA2, a new marker for the serodiagnosis of acute Toxoplasma infection: comparison of sera collected in both France and Iran from pregnant women. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;58(4):419–26.
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- Attia RA, el-Zayat MM, Rizk H, et al. Toxoplasma IgG. & IgM. Antibodies. A case control study. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1995;25(3):877–882.
- Gogate A, Deodhar LP, Shah PK, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen & Toxoplasma gondii (IgM) & Mycoplasma hominis (IgG) antibodies by ELISA in women with bad obstetric history. Indian J Med Res. 1994;100(1):19–22.
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