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Editorial Volume 4 Issue 4
The Multifaceted Immune System
Joseph Antoine Salvator Fabre,1,2,3 
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Yacine Merrouche,1,2 Armand Bensussan4,5
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1Institut Jean Godinot, Unicancer, France
2Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, France
3Centre Hospitalier de Troyes, 1000 Troyes, France
4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, France
5Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Immunologie Dermatologie & Oncologie, UMR-S 976, F-75475, France
Correspondence: Joseph Antoine Salvator Fabre, Institut Jean Godinot, Unicancer, F- 51726 Reims, France,, Tel 33(0)3 25 49 48 87
Received: January 01, 1971 | Published: December 5, 2016
Citation: Fabre JAS, Merrouche Y, Bensussan A (2016) The Multifaceted Immune System. MOJ Immunol 4(4): 00137. DOI: 10.15406/moji.2016.04.00137
Keywords
autoimmune diseases, immune system, inflammation, immunology, leucocytes, medicine, hematologic malignancies
Editorial
For a student, the field of immunology can be either terrific or fascinating, in either case for the same reasons: it is complex and has applications in almost every specialty of medicine. Immunology takes its foundations in embryology for the description of leucocytes’ maturation. The deregulation of this process leads to infections, solid cancers, hematologic malignancies or autoimmune diseases.1 In cancer, recent progresses in molecular biology and genetics have led to an unprecedented acceleration of the understanding of the mechanisms of leucocytes behavior toward malignant cells.2 The observation of an increased incidence of lymphoma or leukemia in genetic disease like ataxia telangiectasia led to recombination activating gene (RAG) KO mice experiments.3 These rodents presented an increased rate of cancers, confirming the importance of the immune system in tumor development.4 Inflammation is one of the most important immune mean of defense of the organism against treats. William B. Cooley has reported its efficacy against cancers early, during his observation of sarcoma regression during erysipelas. The inflammation created by the streptococcus infection attracts and stimulates leucocytes in the tumor microenvironment, which ultimately leads to tumor elimination.5,6 Recently, it has been demonstrated that malignant cells could build upon inflammation and detour it to their own profit, in reprogramming T helpers lymphocytes on an immunosuppressive mode by interacting with checkpoint proteins pathways like PD1/PD-L1.7 Therefore tumor microenvironment elements have been more closely investigated especially pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among them, the interleukin 17 family members, that include IL-17A secreted by Th17 lymphocytes, have shown interesting properties though conflicting.8 While some authors have reported anti-tumor qualities, other teams like ours have observed proliferation, invasion and chemotherapy resistance enhancing effects.9-11 Knowledge in the fields of immunology is rapidly improving, particularly in oncology, but not only, and almost every medical specialty has benefited of these discoveries in the past 20 years. In their quest for progress, physicians and researchers must remember that the immune system is multifaceted, having positive effects and their opposite at the same time, balanced by complex mechanisms. That is why advances in immunology can only be reached with hard work, perseverance, and an open mind.
Acknowledgments
None.
Conflicts of interest
None.
References
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- Kastan MB, Zhan Q, el–Deiry WS, et al. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia–telangiectasia. Cell. 1992;71(4):587–597.
- Notarangelo LD, Kim MS, Walter JE, et al. Human RAG mutations: biochemistry and clinical implications. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(4):234–246.
- Coley BL, Higinbotham NL. Surgical Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor. Ann surg. 1936;103(5):821–835.
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- Fabre J, Giustiniani J, Antonicelli F, et al. IL–17 and Triple Negative Breast Cancer. MOJ Immunol. 2016;3(6):1–3.
- Merrouche Y, Fabre J, Cure H, et al. IL–17E synergizes with EGF and confers in vitro resistance to EGFR–targeted therapies in TNBC cells. Oncotarget, 2016;doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10804.
©2016 Fabre, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.