ACE-2-Expressing-lung-exosomes inhalation for prophylactic protection against COVID-19

doi:10.15406/jlprr.2024.11.00314

Journal of

eISSN: 2376-0060

Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research

Editorial Volume 11 Issue 1

ACE-2-Expressing-lung-exosomes inhalation for prophylactic protection against COVID-19

Attapon Cheepsattayakorn,^1,2,3,4

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Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn,⁵ Siriwana rangsun²

¹Faculty of MedicineVajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok,Thailand
²Faculty of Medicine,Western University, Pathumtani Province, Thailand
³10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand
⁴Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
⁵Department of Pathology, Faculty

Correspondence: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, 143 Sridornchai Road Changklan Muang Chiang Mai 50100,Thailand, Tel 66 53 276364 , Fax 66 53 276364

Received: March 27, 2024 | Published: March 27, 2024

Citation: Cheepsattayakorn A, Cheepsattayakorn R, Siriwanarangsun P.ACE-2-Expressing-lung-exosomes inhalation for prophylactic protection against COVID-19. J Lung Pulm Respir Res. 2024;11(1):31-32. DOI: 10.15406/jlprr.2024.11.00314

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Editorial

SARS-CoV-2 infectivity depends on binding its S protein with the entry-receptor “ hACE-2 ” a promising strategic treatment, therefore, is this interaction inhibition.^1–3 Some SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants were highly resistant to mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced humoral immunity or BNT162b2.^4–6 A recent study demonstrated that in a female mouse model, inhalation of ACE-2-expressing-human-lung-spheroid-cells (LSC)-derived exosomes (LSC-Exo) (Figure 1) could protect the host throughout the whole lung by biodistribution and deposition against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by SARS-CoV-2 binding, blocking the interaction of host cells with SARS-CoV-2, and virus neutralization both in vitro and in vivo.⁷ This study also revealed decrease of viral loads and protection of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease.⁷Three different types of inhalation devices are commonly used; jet, ultrasonic, and vibrating mesh (all are nebulizer) (Figure 2).⁸ In non-human primates and rats studies, when nebulized with eFlow, human immunoglobulin preparations were deposited into the airways as well as treated-lung alveoli.⁹ VR942, an anti-interleukin (IL)-13 mAb is a first-in-class for dry-powder inhalers (DPIs).¹⁰

Figure 1
a. Demonstrating extraction scheme of LSC and LSC-Exo from healthy donors, created with Biorender.com.
b. Demonstrating immunofluorescence staining and quantification analysis of ACE-2 on LSC and HEK. Scale bar: 50μm. n=3.
c. Demonstrating Western blot quantification of ACE-2 expression in LSC and HEK, which derived from the same experiments and processed in parallel. n=3.
d. Demonstrating representative TEM images of LSC-Exo and HEK-Exo from 3 independent experiments. Scale bar: 100μm.
e. Demonstrating measurements of size distribution of LSC-Exo and HEK-Exo via nanoparticle tracking analysis. Inset: 3-colar dSTORM image of CD63-Alexa Fluor®-488, PE-CD9, APC-CD81 of LSC-Exo or HEK-Exo.
f. Demonstrating quantification of ACE-2 expression on LSC-Exo and HEK-Exo by flow cytometry. n=3.7.

Figure 2 Demonstrating potential therapeutic approaches for respiratory delivery of passive immunotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).⁸

In conclusion, ACE-2-expressing-human-lung-spheroid-cells-derived exosomes could be a promising-broad-spectrum bioprotectant against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging virus variants.