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Editorial Volume 4 Issue 1
Pulmonary HIV/AIDS-associated sarcoidosis
Attapon Cheepsattayakorn,1,2,3 
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Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn4
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1Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Lung Pulmonary and Respiratory Research, USA
210th
35th
4Department of Pathology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Correspondence: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, 143 Sridornchai Road Changklan Muang Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand, Tel 66 53 276364, Fax 66 53 273590
Received: January 18, 2017 | Published: January 26, 2017
Citation: Cheepsattayakorn A, Cheepsattayakorn R. Pulmonary HIV/AIDS-associated sarcoidosis. J Lung Pulm Respir Res. 2017;4(1):1. DOI: 10.15406/jlprr.2017.04.00111
Editorial
The majority of cases with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated pulmonary sarcoidosis have been related to immune reconstitution secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Some previous studies demonstrated association between worsening of sarcoidosis course and CD4+ T lymphocyte count higher than 200cells/mm3, as well as association between the improvement of clinical symptoms and CD4+ T-cell count less than 200cells/mm3. Nevertheless, the onset of pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected/AIDS patients was demonstrated before the HAART era. The majority of the patients reveal restrictive lung pattern, but obstructive lung pattern can be identified. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) demonstrates significantly high eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, including significantly high CD4+: CD8+ T-cell ratio. BAL CD4+: CD8+ T-cell ratio is also significantly higher than the ratio in the blood at the time of diagnosis. Interleukin-2 or interferon-α 2a may be associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis development. The course of pulmonary sarcoidosis is similar in both HIV-infected/AIDS and HIV-seronegative patients. There is no significantly different change in virologic and immunologic parameters between patients with HAART in whom pulmonary sarcoidosis is clinically and radiologically cured or improved and pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with HAART that deteriorated or remained stable.
In conclusions, HIV-infected/AIDS patients with long-term immunologic reconstitution during HAART can develop pulmonary sarcoidosis. BAL-fluid analysis findings, clinical and radiological findings, and outcome are similar in both HIV-infected/AIDS and HIV-seronegative patients.
Acknowledgements
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
©2017 Cheepsattayakorn, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.