Mini Review Volume 4 Issue 3
Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Tal-Qroqq, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta Europe
Correspondence: Lawrence M Agius, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Tal-Qroqq, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, 27 “Ballarat”, Guzeppe Caruana Street,Tal-Virtu, Rabat, Rbt09, Malta Europe, Tel 35621451752
Received: May 12, 2017 | Published: November 29, 2017
Citation: Agius LM. Oscillatory release cycles of permissive dimensions in carcinogenesis. J Investig Genomics. 2017;4(3):55-57. DOI: 10.15406/jig.2017.04.00065
Multiple proteomic pathways synergize systems and lead to the de-stabilization of the genome. Dimensions for permissive modulation and plasticity of release of gene mutagenicity are accompanying parameters that allow for potential involvement in carcinogenesis and spread. Indeed, genesis of the malignant tumor is further exemplified by confirmatory profiles of receptivity and response. The combinatory systems of gene mutability include the capacity for quantitative complementarity and for further characterization of permissiveness, as further dictated by the multi-profile genomic performance of cyclic oscillations. Increased parametric response in growth and spread of individual neoplasms is a generalized response in the targeting of cells of mature and less mature type. System profile inclusion is the realization of phenotypic traits in consequence to dimensional inclusion and of instability of inclusion of multiple lesions in the cellular genome.
Circadian rhythms modulate cell division and metabolism in cancer and may potentiate a tumor-suppressive role in lung tumorigenesis.1 Circadian rhythms are oscillations of multiple biologic processes directed by endogenous clocks and may be functionally disrupted in various cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate and hematologic malignancies.2 Silencing expression of the Clock gene in glioma cells down regulates c-Myc and Cyclin B1 and up regulates p53 and may play a significant role in inhibiting apoptosis by attenuating pro-apoptotic signaling.3 O6-Methylguanine transferase constitutes a mechanism of transfer of alkyl groups to the acceptor cysteine in a manner that exemplifies the epigenesis of a series of protective mechanisms toward the repair of DNA-adduct lesions in carcinogenesis. The mechanistic removal of methyl groups interacts with the methylation of the promoter of O6-methylguanine transferase that renders the transferase inactive. The spectrum of activation of ethyl guanine is included within oscillatory cycles of activation and de-activation that affirms epigenesis of profile mechanisms even in the absence of self-progressing lesions in the cellular DNA.
Oscillatory regimes result from competition for shared glucose resources between cancer cells and immune cells; this may account for much of the dynamics of the immune system in response to malignant cells.4 Complex integration in a micro-environment emphasizes the dynamics of alkyl insertion in terms of binding and also potential enzymatic potentiation in patients treated with anti-cancer chemotherapy resistance. Duplex mechanisms in DNA lesion repair is an essential transfer within the further de-construction of methyl guanine transferase activity. Histone deacetylase inhibitor phenyl butyrate improves radiation-induced injury by modulating DNA repair and wound healing genes.5
Dimensions of conformation
Conformation is inclusive in systems that link chemoresistance to various phases of ongoing carcinogenesis. Oscillations can arise in a model of competition between normal and genetically damaged abnormal stem cells as suggested in chronic myelogenous leukemia.6 Cell cycle dependent oscillatory expression of estrogen receptor-alpha implicates Pol II elongation with malignant tumor genesis.7 The dynamics of transformation in carcinogenesis are analogous to the emergence of chemotherapeutic agent resistance and within the frameworks of ongoing progression for transformation. It is hypothesized that at least 50% of breast cancer risk is associated with germ cell damage by cosmic radiation as a priming event leading to a higher risk for breast carcinogenesis.8 Aging involves progressive decline in the stability, continuity and synchronization of multi-frequency oscillations with the potential promotion of temporally disorganized states and carcinogenesis.9
Microenvironments and carcinogenesis
A strict concept of molecular transfer is profile system of regulation within various pathways as found in terms of ongoing biochemical events within cells. Simple models of mutations in carcinogenesis may include time delay and diffusion with consequent destabilization in cases of increasing delay.10 The control of shifts of molecules as carried out by biochemical activity is illustrated by methyl guanine transfer of alkyl groups that allow a permissive microenvironment to evolve in molecular pathologic processes.
Molecular lesions
Inclusive phenomena as molecular lesions are direct precursors for progression of pathways in carcinogenesis and also as putative repair mechanics as further exemplified by chronic pathology. Over-expression of translation initiation factor eIF4E within context of stem/progenitor cell population expansion may initiate malignant transformation in terms of evasion of DNA damage checkpoints activated by oncogenic stimuli.11
Ion channels and oscillatory mechanisms
Ca2+ signaling pathways are altered in cancer cells and may be modulated to decrease cancer cell proliferation and to promote apoptosis.12 Oscillatory currents may be generated by influxes of divalent cations to maintain Ca2+ oscillations in ras-transformed NIH/3T3 cells.13 Cellular calcium entry triggers oscillatory calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular sources and cytoskeletal remodeling by actin stress fiber depolymerisation and active Na (+)/H (+) exchanger with consequent intracellular alkalosis and cell swelling.14 Oscillations initiated randomly from single cells spread over neighboring cells and may implicate an advancing Ca2+ wave.15 Spontaneously oscillating K+ channel activity develops in malignant transforming cells in alkali-transformed Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.16
End-pathway
The end-pathway influence of accumulating oxygen free radicals is characterized by further confirmation of template biology as indeed projected in diverse disease products of potential self-amplifying nature. Coordinate transcriptional control of replication-dependent human H4, H3 and H1 histone multi-gene families may be involved in dysregulation leading to heterogeneous aberrations in cell growth during carcinogenesis.17 The inclusive dimensions are extended and projected within a permissive release in mutagenesis and as further identifiable within the mechanisms controlling tumor growth and spread. Malignancy is a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired microtubule polar oscillations and the generated electromagnetic field; mitochondria form boundary elements between biochemical-genetic and physical processes, with excitation of the coherent state far from thermodynamic equilibrium.18 Oscillatory degrees of tumorigenic attributes of release are a specific series of permissive transmutation that are well-exemplified by the dimensions of de-control and of transformation of pathway or network activities. Epidermal stem cells are functionally modulated by circadian oscillations and with successive clock wave these may regulate their proliferation or differentiation.19 Definition of the serial events as constitutive indices for further change includes the characterization of dual sets of parameters as indeed arising from dysfunctionality of DNA mutations.
Performance parameters
Performance characters of activity are indeed self-expression of the mutability of inherently synthetic dimensions of extending DNA and of repair mechanisms of genomic replication and distribution within daughter cells. The microtubular-microfilamentous structure conveys growth-regulatory input from the cell membrane to the nucleus and is implicated in carcinogenesis.20 Proportion template inclusion in pathways of carcinogenesis mirrors closely the self-confirming processivity as viewed within the framework for further mutability, The Warburg effect may arise from convective disturbance in the cell and provide a biophysical defect in cancer initiation.21 Tumor recurrence is reflecting end-product of carcinogenesis as further promoted by the inclusive and quantifying doses of carcinogen release as increasingly conforming systems of template-induced replication of mutagenic systems for further progression.
Proportional identity confirmation is indeed a function of template replication and also of template genesis in the series of involved parameters of quantitative assimilation of endogenous carcinogens. Replacement of wild-type genes by mutated genes is further projected as an unstable genome and as the quantifying targets for carcinogenesis. Imperfect gene replication is supported by the transcription and translation machineries that allow the permissive establishment for further progressive change. The circadian clock controls cell proliferation and metabolism oxidative and genotoxic stress response, and DNA repair which are involved in carcinogenesis.22 A contrasting duality of DNA replication and of mutagenesis is profile modulation of the series of targeted mechanics as carcinogenesis and as dynamics of the pathologic growth and spread of the malignant cells. Malignant transformation is itself a strictly distinct attribute of mutagenesis in a manner that conforms to the contrasting dimensions for further change. Fluctuations in the intracellular redox state during cell cycling could constitute a fundamental mechanism linking oxidative metabolic processes to cell cycle regulatory processes.23
Non-immunogenicity is a cardinal promoter for increasing potentiality for genomic instability within cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Malignant transformation is inclusive dimension for a permissiveness that projects as further primer attributes for the bypass of lesions as carried out by polymerase activity. Circadian rhythms are oscillations of multiple biologic processes directed by endogenous clocks and may be functionally disrupted in various cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate and hematologic malignancies.2 Repair as conforming quantitation is a potential mechanism in chemotherapeutic resistance as further evidenced by the proportion of growing malignant lesions that spread.
Variability in response and signaling
Variability of signaling and receptor response allows for dimensions of permissively complementing the establishment of genomic instability within specific parameters of quantitative and qualitative nature as dictated by systems of modulated phenotype. Dysfunction of mitochondria and disintegration of the cytoskeleton may have an impact in carcinogenesis and result in disturbed coherence of cellular electrically polar oscillations and in the generation of an electromagnetic field.24 It is further to substantial increment in cellular metabolism and of degrees in modulated autonomy that carcinogenesis constitutes the release of prospective ligand binding and receptor dysfunctional response.25‒28
Considerable variability of incremental stimulation and of genomic instability includes the emergence of multifocal lesion creation that is included in the prospective characterization of indices of potential dual increment and response. Carcinogenesis is a system profile for directed genomic instability within defined terms of ongoing transformation as further complemented by the degree of quantifiable dimensions of receptivity and response to biologic agents such as growth factors, ligand binding and targeting, and a whole series of gene-defined responses. It is towards the creation of a plastic micro-environment that constitutive phenotype is modulated to implicate such genomic instability in terms of oscillatory performance of pathogenic delineation and characterization for multifocal lesion interactivity.
None.
Author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
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