Mucosal Versus Systemic Vaccine

doi:10.15406/ijvv.2016.02.00033

International Journal of

eISSN: 2470-9980

Vaccines & Vaccination

Editorial Volume 2 Issue 3

Mucosal Versus Systemic Vaccine

Ibrahim MSAW Shnawa

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University of Qasim, Iraq

Correspondence: Ibrahim MSAW Shnawa, College of Biotechnology, University of Qasim, Qasim, Babylon, Iraq

Received: June 22, 2016 | Published: June 23, 2016

Citation: Shnawa IM (2016) Mucosal Versus Systemic Vaccine. Int J Vaccines Vaccin 2(3): 00033. DOI: 10.15406/ijvv.2016.02.00033

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Editorial

Immune responses to immunogens (vaccine) time curve in general is graphically represented and partitioned into primary and secondary for humoral immune responses. The primary subdivided in to lag, peak and decline. While secondary needs short lag followed by peak due to memory cell functions and affinity maturation. The cellular basis for these responses starts by the uptake of antigen(s), antigen processing, antigen assembly on APC surface in combination with MHC molecules, immune recognition events which covers naïve helper cell activation, conversion to TH1,TH2 which in turn activate resting B or T to into effect or B, effect or T, memory B or memory T cells.¹ The immune features of mucosal and systemic responses vaccines were depicted in Table 1. The overall events may take around one week for mucosal and around two weeks for the systemic responses.^2‒4 These features make mucosal vaccination rather better than systemic vaccination for the benefits of the patients, under risk subjects and contacts,^2,3 providing taking in consideration some limitations like, the infection nature, epitope potentials of, immunogenicity, replica-bility and possibility of tolerance induction as in oral mucosa.⁵

Features	Mucosal Vaccination	Systemic Vaccination
Link	Linked to systemic in some ways	Linked to mucosal in some ways
Application	Direct to the mucosal site	Mostly indirect to the site
Fate	Remains local	Distributed and targeted
Loss in hid , compartment	Relatively no apparent loss	Possible loss
Immune conversion rate in term of time from baseline to vaccinated titer	It takes relatively one week	It take relatively two weeks
Rating antibody - titers in vaccinated	M:S = 1 : 1 -20	S : M = 1 - 20 : 1
Class of antibody	SIgA, leastly IgG	IgM, IgG, IgA
Antibody Structure	Contains secretary ,piece,2ME resistant	No secretory piece,2ME sensitive
Antibody transudation	Systemic transudation in low titers to mucosal compartments	No such transudation from mucosal to systemic.
Immune Protection	Seems to be more protective than systemic, though it depends on the nature of the vaccine	Seems to be less protective than mucosal, though it depends on the nature of the vaccine
Replica-bility	Replicable vaccine more protective than non.	As in mucosal

Table 1 Features of mucosal and systemic vaccination program^2‒6

Acknowledgments

None.

Conflicts of interest

Author declares there are no conflicts of interest.

Funding

None.

References

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. (8th edn), Elsevier, Saunders, Philadelphia. 2015. p.1‒12.
Kiyono H, Orga PL, McGhee JR. Mucosal Vaccines. Academic Press, London. 1996. p.3‒33.
Kaufmann SHE. Novel Vaccine Strategies. Wiley-VCH, Germany. 2004. p.19‒39.
Shnawa IMS. Mucosal Immunology. Lap lambert Academic Publications, Germany. 2013.
Shnawa IMS. Oral Immune tolerance versus oral immune silencing; Minireview. Am J Bimed Life Sci. 2015;3(4‒1):7‒9.
Shnawa IMS. Lapin Systemic versus mucosal humoral immune responses as well as Cellular immune responses following intravenous administration of C. fetus heat killed bacterin: A correlative approach. ALQ J Vet Med Sci. 2006;5(1):47‒51.