A typical presentation of penile fracture

doi:10.15406/unoaj.2020.08.00273

eISSN: 2378-3176

Urology & Nephrology Open Access Journal

Case Report Volume 8 Issue 2

A typical presentation of penile fracture

Kareem M Taha

Verify Captcha

Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID.

Department of Urology, Zagazig University, Egypt

Correspondence: Kareem M Taha,Department of Urology, Consultant Urologist, Zagazig University, Egypt, Tel +201220565349

Received: March 04, 2020 | Published: March 31, 2020

Citation: Taha KM. A typical presentation of penile fracture. Urol Nephrol Open Access J. 2020;8(2):42-44. DOI: 10.15406/unoaj.2020.08.00273

Download PDF

Abstract

Background: Fracture penis is an uncommon injury presenting to the emergency department (ED). Underreporting of this condition occurs due to personal embarrassment. Patients often delay in seeking medical attention; they may withhold the condition for a significant amount of time. ED physicians need to be aware of the social inhibitions and the need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. A delay in treatment increases the risk of complications such as ischemia, necrosis and penile deformity. Fracture penis is caused by rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa by a blunt trauma to the erect penis. Diagnosis is usually clinical as evident by the characteristic history and clinical presentation. Diagnostic imaging modalities aid in the management of the fracture and associated injuries if present. Nevertheless, prompt recognition and initiation of treatment can significantly reduce the chances of post-injury complications.

Findings: We present a case of penile fracture in a young male who came to the hospital after hearing popping sound followed by sudden detumescence while having intercourse along with urethral bleeding, with no swelling or deformity of penis.

Conclusion: Our case report is an attempt to raise the suspicion of fracture penis in case of typical history; even without physical findings that necessitates an immediate surgical exploration.

Keywords: tunica albuginea, corpus cavernosa, penile shaft, penile fracture

Introduction

Fracture penis is an uncommon injury. Physicians should be aware of the urgency in the diagnosis and in the initiation of the treatment as any delay increases the risk of complications. Due to the embarrassment associated with such injuries the patients may hesitate to disclose their complaint and getting delayedin seeking medical treatment. Classically the history is starting with a sudden snap, pain, detumescence and a hematoma of the penis with deformity which was not present in our reported case. Recently, the possibility of an early diagnosis based on clinical findings has been emphasized, without relying on specialized imaging studies.‎¹^–3 It is a disruption of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpus cavernosum due to blunt trauma to the erect penis.² It can be accompanied by partial or complete urethral rupture or by injury of the dorsal nerve and vessels.⁴

Case report

A 38 years old male patient presented to the hospital after hearing popping sound followed by asudden detumescence while having intercourse along with a profuse urethral bleeding, with no swelling or deformity of penis as shown in Figures 1&2. Local penile examination was unremarkable therefore,it was a bit misleading. Urethral catheter was inserted gently and carefully which drained clear urine andurethral injury was suspected. Patient was resuscitated and started on broad spectrum antibiotics as per the hospital`s protocol subsequently the patient had a considerableperiurethral bleeding that raised the suspicion of an additional underlying pathology; beyond the urethral injury. Ascending andmicturatingcystourethrogramin Figure 3 confirmed the presence of a tear in the tunica albuginea extending to the urethral lumen and draining the blood from the corpora cavernosa directly into the urethra, it did also show a normal filling of the anterior urethra with irregular extraurethral extravasation and finally a penile duplex ultrasound scan in Figure 4 confirmed the presence of multiple subtunical and bilateral extracorporeal small organized hematoma. Although the physical findings were not suggestive of a penile fracture, exploration was offered and advised to the patient in the view of the finding but unfortunately the patient refused to undergo exploration after settling of the urethral bleeding and he was fully and formally informed about the possibility of the associated risks mainly erectile dysfunction. The patient was self-discharged and represented 3 month later, with moderate degree of erectile dysfunction and examination revealed a 3 cm fibrotic plaque on ventral aspect of left corporeal body.

Figures 1&2 Showing nearly normal penile shaft.

Figure 3 Showing normal filling of ant urethra with irregular extraurethral extravasation (yellow arrow).

Figure 4 Duplex US showing presence of extracorporeal small organized hematoma (yellow arrow).

Discussion

Fracture penis, is the rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosa. The rupture occurs when the penis is erectedas the tissue of the tunica albuginea is getting thinner and vulnerable to the sudden increase in the intracorporeal pressure.^5–7The incidence is increasing however, it may still be under-reported due to associated guilt and embarrassment. The etiology varies, with penile manipulation during masturbation and ‘taghaandan’ (in Kurdish meaning to click or snap), whereas vigorous sexual intercourse is still the most common cause^8,9Penile fracture is readily diagnosed by a thorough history and physical examination. A history of vigorous sexual intercourse or penile bending during masturbation together with a snapping sound, rapid detumescence and penile discoloration is characteristic in such cases. Examination usually reveals swollen, ecchymotic, tender and deviated penis. Sometimes, the tunical defect can be palpable. Conservative treatment may result in complications in up to 29% of cases. These include erectile dysfunction, penile curvature, abscess development or debilitating plaques and significantly longer period of hospitalization and recovery.^10–12Ultrasonography may corroborate the clinical findings. High frequency probes easily pick up tunica albuginea defects and hematomas. Cavernosography and MRI may be done when the clinical diagnosis cannot be reached, but not at the cost of surgical delay. Retrograde urethrogram and flexible cystoscopy may help in cases with suspected urethral injuries.^13–16

Any penile injury should be treated as an “emergency until proven otherwise”. Though the condition is not that common, it should be managed adeptly to avoid complications such as penile deformity, erectile dysfunction or painful intercourse.¹⁷Urgent surgical repair includes procedures such as “evacuation of hematoma, ligation of bleeding vessels, debridement, suturing of tears in tunica albuginea, urethral stenting, and/or end-to-end urethral anastomosis.¹⁸Immediate surgical reconstruction usually results in a faster recovery, decreased morbidity, lower complication rates, and lower incidence of long term penile curvature.¹⁹ Since the repair reduces the complication of fracture it is now the gold standard for treatment of penile fractures.²⁰In our case report, although the physical findings were not suggestive of a penile fracture, exploration was strongly advised in the view of the typical history but unfortunately, the patient refused to undergo exploration and so, developed the mentioned complication.

Conclusion

Despite that the history and the clinical examination remain the mainstay tools to diagnose the penile fracture still; a low threshold for the exploration is still strongly indicated even in the absence of the typical clinical examination evidences. In conclusion; surgical exploration may have saved many patients from developing nasty associated complications.