Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal (PPIJ) is an internationally acclaimed open access peer reviewed journal covering all aspects of pharmacy and pharmacology with focus on the mechanism of action of chemicals in biological systems. New research on how drug action may be optimized by new technologies and attention is given to understanding and improving drug interactions in the body. At the same time, the journal maintains its established and well-respected core strengths in areas such as pharmaceutics and drug delivery, experimental and clinical pharmacology, biopharmaceutics and drug disposition, and drugs from natural sources. PPIJ is delighted to accept research papers, review articles, short communications, case reports, mini-reviews, opinions, letter to editors, etc.