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Review Article Volume 9 Issue 3
Probing the fundamental forces: a study of rare decays beyond the standard model scenario
Chilambe Reagan Homard, Manyika Kabuswa Davy
Received: June 06, 2025 | Published: July 11, 2025
Citation: Homard CR, Davy MK. Probing the fundamental forces: a study of rare decays beyond the standard model scenarios. Phys Astron Int J 2025;9(2):161-166. DOI: 10.15406/paij.2025.09.00381
Abstract
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics was proposed by Glashow, Salam and Weinberg to unify electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces. SM of particle physics was developed in the 1960s. Although highly predictive, the SM of particle physics, falls short in explaining key phenomena such as neutrino masses and the nature of dark matter. In this case, rare decay processes in B-mesons have emerged as sensitive probes of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, particularly within the framework of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). Therefore, this study aims to explore how fundamental forces of nature influence rare neutral B-meson decays, investigate their potential to provide insights into the origin of neutrino masses, and assess their capacity to offer evidence of dark matter properties. Focusing on the leptonic decays dB +−→µµ and sB +−→µµ and semi-leptonic ( ) ( )0* 0*00 , BK BK e e +− +−→ µµ → , we compare results from major experiments (LHCb, Belle II, BaBar, CLEO, Tevatron) with predictions from the Standard Model and extensions including GUTs, Supersymmetry(SUSY) and Effective Field Theory (EFT). The analysis includes branching ratios, angular observables and CP asymmetries. We observe consistent deviations in key observables such as ´5 , FB KP and RA ∗ , which point to contributions from new particles and interactions. Using theoretical models such as SM, BSM, EFT and Dark Matter and numerical simulations within GUT-inspired BSM scenarios, the analysis focuses on decay channels that could uncover high-scale physics signatures. The findings highlight the potential of rare neutral B-meson decays to bridge gaps in our understanding of fundamental forces and to guide the development of a more comprehensive theory of nature.
Keywords: B-meson decay, rare decay, Standard Model, GUTs and Flavor Changing Neutral Currents
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