eISSN: 2572-8474
Submit manuscript...
Mini Review Volume 8 Issue 3
Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis with population characteristics and treatment behavior in second level hospital care in the Mexican caribbean in 2020 and 2021
Israel Shomar Galicia
Verify Captcha
Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID.
Verify Captcha
Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID.
Department of Epidemiology COSTAMED, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
Correspondence: Israel Shomar Galicia, Department of Epidemiology COSTAMED, Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Network, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México
Received: October 15, 2022 | Published: October 26, 2022
Citation: Galicia IS. Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis with population characteristics and treatment behavior in second level hospital care in the Mexican caribbean in 2020 and 2021. Nurse Care Open Acces J. 2022;8(3):82-83. DOI: 10.15406/ncoaj.2022.08.00243
Introduction
The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas is very complex, with variations in transmission cycles, reservoirs, sandfly vectors, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment. In addition, there are several species of Leishmania in the same geographical area. In 2018, Brazil concentrated 97% of the cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the region. But in Mexico it is still difficult to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, being a problem for public health in the Caribbean region.1,2
General objective
With the frequency of attention to cutaneous leishmaniasis in attention in the emergency service and epidemiology as well as the main causal agents, measuring the state of health, accompanying comorbidities, unnecessary antibiotics given by a misdiagnosis and determining the frequency of cure with the different treatment alternatives with respect to the bibliography used.
Results
(Figure 1–6).
Figure 1 Stratification by sex of patients treated for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Geolocation of cases by postal code
WOMEN
Figure 2 Frequency by age range and sex in patients served for cutaneous leishmanisis.
Figure 3 Stratification of comorbidity by sex in patients served for cutaneous leishmanisis.
Figure 4 69% treated with itraconazole (1 tablet every 8 hrs for 14 days)/ketonoazole (twice a day for 14 days) and the pediatrics only ketonazole (twice a day for 7 days).
Figure 5 Frequency of use of most used antibiotics in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis given by first level of care.
Figure 6 Pie chart.
Discussion
In the present investigation it was found that 30.7% are female and 69.3% belong to the male group, 100% of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were given antibiotics indiscriminately, being 61% third generation cephalosporins without need it. Adding comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus in 15.3% and HIV in 8%. Being the attentions with the highest frequency of use of the medication Glucantime with Itraconazole/ketonoazole for monitoring and treatment, having a higher frequency of use of intralesional treatment of 16 doses (with comorbidities of HIV and DM2) and having cases of rapid response to treatment with 4 applications in 2 weeks without recurrence in a follow-up period of 6 months.3–6
Conclusion
The prevention of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is based on three fundamental strategies:
- Limit susceptibility to infection, while patients increase their defenses by performing an adequate initial diagnosis without giving inadequate antibiotic treatment.
- Interrupt the transmission of microorganisms by public health workers with adequate mitigation by making effective detections
- State and jurisdictional levels carry out active surveillance and constant training for doctors, as well as the participation of surveillance of vulnerable communities that are the most affected
3 analysis strategies of all clinical care physicians:
- Make the appropriate non-irrational use of antibiotics in any state of primary or secondary care, and even more so when dealing with skin conditions that you do not know about.
- Make constant exercise of notification, avoid epidemiological silence.
- Stagger your treatment codes.
The treatment of leishmaniasis depends on several factors, such as the form of the disease, concurrent conditions, the species of the parasite, and the geographic location. It is a disease that can be treated and cured, but for this a competent immune system is necessary, since the medicines, by themselves, are not capable of eliminating the parasite from the body. Hence the risk of recurrence in case of immunosuppression.
Acknowledgments
None.
Conflicts of interest
None.
References
- Montalvo AM. Leishmaniasis importada en Cuba 2006-2016. BOLIPK. 2017;27(15):115.
- Alberti E, Montalvo AM, Ruiz A, et al. Evaluación de la respuesta inmune humoral por western blot en ratones inmunizados con una biblioteca genómica de expresión de trypanosoma cruzi. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2001;53(3):170–179.
- Montalvo AM, Fraga J, El Safi A, et al. Direct Leishmania species typing in old world clinical samples: evaluation of 3 sensitive methods based on the heat-shock protein 70 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;80(1):35–39.
- Hernández Ruiz J, Becker I. Linfocitos T citotóxicos CD8+ en la leishmaniasis cutánea. Salud Publica Mex. 2006;48(5):430–439.
- Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, et al. PCR diagnosis and characterization of leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;47(1):349–358.
- Bensoussan E, Nasereddin A, Jonas F, et al. Comparison of PCR assays for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(4):1435–1439.
©2022 Galicia. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.