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Introduction
Meaning
Biobank is a depository for biomaterials for biomaterials from a representative portion of a representative portion of a human population:
- The Biobank acts as a vault with intricate detailed information pertaining to the individuals from whom biological materials have been collected.
- Data collection: Data collection and proper and proper cataloging are essential are essential components for the success components of a Biobank.
Types:
- Tissue bank Tissue bank–(i) Surgical tissues (ii) Transplant tissues
- Cancer/Tumor bank
- Cord blood/Stem cell bank
- Blood bank–Dried Blood Spots
- Body fluids–(i) Synovial (ii) Urine (iii) Sputum (iv) Buccal scrapings (v) scrapings (vi) Sperm
- DNA/RNA bank
- Cornea bank Cornea bank Functional Division
Divisions:
- Cell and Molecular Biology
- Blood Center Blood Center
- Pathology
- Genetics
- Bioengineering
- Cryobiology
- Bioinformatics
- Ethics
Indications:
- Research work– biomedical experiments for a particular disease in a specific population.
- Routine work– health centers, hospitals, health centers, hospitals, blood transfusion centers and Public /Private pathological laboratories.
- Epidemiological work–monitoring in susceptible populations after disease outbreak, poisoning and/or pollution.
Ethical/safety issues:
For tissue banking, freely given informed patient consent is mandatory. Patient consent forms needs to be upgraded from time upgraded from time-to-time following IRB regulations.1,2
- Model Consent Form
- Confidentiality
- Quality assurance checks necessary for right from planning, implementation, up to documentation and analysis.
- Safety is crucial
Biobank in India
NIMHANS: Brain Biobank
ACTREC, Mumbai: cancer biobank
Repositories in India:
- Organ Retrieval Banking Organ Retrieval Banking Organization (ORBO), AIIMS, New Delhi
- National Repository for National Repository for Cell Lines/Hybridomas, NCCS, Pune
- Mycobacterial Repository, JALMA, Agra JALMA, Agra
Conclusion
India has a population India has a population of over a billion and is of over a billion and is the world the world’s largest s largest democracy. India has a very high burden of communicable and communicable and non -communicable communicable diseases. India has the means to make a modest start towards establishing a Biobank.
Acknowledgements
None.
Conflict of interest
Author declares that there is none of the conflicts.
References
- Vaught J, Rogers J, Myers K, et al. An NCI perspective on creating sustainable biospecimen resources. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2011;42:1–7.
- 2012 Best Practices for repositories: collection, storage, retrieval, and distribution of biological materials for research. Biopreserv Biobank. 2012;10(2):79–161.
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