The study was antibacterial to the effect of Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium in vitro in alpacas with enteropathy. 120 faecal samples from 90 calves born 15 days alpacas were taken. Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp were obtained through biochemical tests. The antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated in three groups: Matico G1, G2 and G3-Nettle Witness-Enrofloxacin concentrations 10 and 5% by disk diffusion method and method Optical turbidimetry. The MIC and MBC was significant (P<0.01) Escherichia coli in groups G1 (Sensitive=29.3±0.2a, Intermediate=15.2±0.3a, resistance=0.0) and G2 (Sensitive=26, 1±0.4ab, Intermediate=16.2 ±0.2a resistance=0.0) and CMB G1 (0.1a±22.0, 21.0 ±1.3a), G2 (0.5ab±37.0, 39.0±0.2ab) against group G3 (=20.2±0.2ac Sensitive, Intermediate =15.1±0.1ac, Resistance=10.4±0.3c) and CMB (0.4ac±420, 460±1.6c), Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium demonstrate antibacterial effectiveness in alpacas of diarrheal enteropathies.

Keywords: alpacas, enteropathies, piper angustifolium, urtica dioica

The domestic South American Camelids, the alpaca and lallama represent a strategic natural resource, of great social, economic and ecological importance in the life of the high Andean population of Peru and Bolivia and to a lesser degree Argentina, Ecuador and Chile, mainly associated with the production of fibre and meat.¹ About 90% of the alpacas are in the hands of small producers and peasant communities.^2,3 In these places, the exploitation is carried out following traditional production systems, lacking adequate technologies and having high mortality rates of alpaca neonates, reaching up to 70%,⁴ the Clostridium perfringens and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli are of greater sanitary and economic impact in the alpaca production⁵ because they are causal agents of pathologies that present with intestinal dysfunction, generating the neonatal diarrheal complex in the alpacas⁶ and there are no veterinary or related products to date that could be effective for the treatment of the neonatal diarrheal complex in South American camelids,¹ this led us to study the antibacterial effect of Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium in vitro on alpacas with diarrheal enteropathies. Ethanolic del extract of Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium in vivo as antibacterial This would be an alternative to reduce the high mortality levels of alpaca neonates because they are excellent antibacterials for the neonatal diarrhoea complexes of alpacas and stimulators to reduce the immunological resistance of the causative agents of diarrheal bacterial pathologies.

The study was carried out in the Central Animal Health Area Research Laboratory of the National University of Huancavelica-Peru, the extraction of the extractosetanolics was carried out according to the protocol dissertated by Hernández⁷ which consisted of: collection, selection and drying, pulverization, weighing , addition of solvents, stirring, 2nd addition of solvent, casting, filtration, solvent removal, resuspension and sterilization. 120 stool samples were collected from 90 alpaca pups with enteropathies. The samples were taken by the rectal swab method and suspended in Stuart transport medium. For the isolation and identification of the microorganisms, biochemical tests were used using selective media of Macconkey agar and TNS agar, the study groups were: G1-Matico, G2-Ortigay G3 Control-Enrofloxacin at a concentration of 5 and 10%. The antibacterial active ingredient was determined by the disk diffusion method [Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)] and optical method of Turbidimetry (McFarland and absorbance by spectrophotometry) described by Aldana⁸ [Minimum Bacterial Concentration (CMB)]. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P<0.01) using the SPSS v. twenty.

The significant antibacterial effect of CMB (P<0.01) showed the G1 groups (22.0±0.1a, 21.0±1.3a), G2 (37.0±0.5ab, 39.0±0.2ab) that the group G3 (42.0±0.4ac, 46.0±1.6c), there are still significant differences in the groups G1 and G2 (P<0.01) in the concentrations of 5 and 10%, Escherichia Coli being very sensitive that the Clostridium sp (Table 1). The antibacterial effectiveness demonstrated by nettle and matico, is due to the fact that these plants contain components of fluoroquinolones and flavonoids,⁹ which are based on their mechanism of action in inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase de enterobacteria. Thanks to these mechanisms, inflammatory inhibition occurs. Cell tissue regeneration.¹⁰ A study conducted by Maravi¹¹ with samples of vocal shrouds of patients with conopharynx, reported the CMB (0.3562±1.6) on Streptococcus mutans with Oregano and with Lactobacillus acidophilus (0, 4812±1.2) and Candida albicans (0.3922±1.0) with Hierba Luisa; Ocares¹² reports that the dichloromethane extract of Rumex palustris showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis at CMB of 1000μg/ml, being inactive against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and there are no studies aimed at animal health the ethnopharmacology of there its importance of the study.

The CMI was significant (P<0.01) in the G1 group (Sensitive=29.3±0.2a, Intermediate=15.2±0.3a, Resistant=0.0) and G2 (Sensitive=26.1±0.4ab, Intermediate=16.2±0.2a Resistant=0.0,) than the group alG3 (Sensitive=20.2±0.2ac, Intermediate=15.1±0.1ac, Resistant=10.4±0.3c) and greater sensitivity showed in Escherichia Coli than in Clostridium sp (Table 2), because the Dioica and Piper angustifolium have antibacterial components that inhibit cell wall synthesis and nucleic acids causing cell destruction and degradation.¹³ Becerra¹⁴ use ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus globulus at concentrations of: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5, 6.25% and 3.13% against Lactobacillus sp, finding the MIC at 3.13% and the 6.25% WBC and the aqueous extract did not present an antibacterial effect on the strain of Lactobacillus sp.

Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium showed antibacterial effectiveness in vitro in alpacas with diarrheal enteropathies.

To the executive administrator of the Central Research Laboratory of the National University of Huancavelica and the Communal Farm of the Peasant Community of Santa Bárbara-Huancavelica for providing the facilities for the execution of this study.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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