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Review Article Volume 11 Issue 1
Understanding keloids from bench to market: a review of origin, community impact, treatment economics, existing therapies, and pipeline products
Kamal Rubaba, Tawil Bill
Received: October 24, 2026 | Published: November 9, 2026
Citation: Kamal, Rubaba, Tawil, et al. Understanding keloids from bench to market: a review of origin, community impact, treatment economics, existing therapies, and pipeline products. J Stem Cell Res Ther. 2026;14(3):110-118. DOI: 10.15406/jsrt.2026.11.00226
Abstract
Invasive fibroproliferative lesions driven by failures in tissue remodeling after injuries to the skin, keloids are physiological conditions which are becoming increasingly studied and treated. Unlike healthy tissue which terminates inflammation upon wound resolution, keloid scars are propagated by hyperactive dermal fibroblasts that resist apoptosis and overproduce disorganized collagen. The pathogenic process is heavily triggered by elevations in systemic inflammatory markers and via high-tension mechanical forces, disproportionately impacting melanin-rich skin types. Valued at estimates of several billions, the global keloid scar management market is driven by an urgent demand for non-destructive therapeutics. Though standard treatments such as intralesional corticosteroid injections and silicone sheeting exist, such offerings permit for localized tissue damage and high recurrence. The translational pipeline is currently shifting away from these options, introducing pre-clinical and clinical products such as fibroblast programming techniques and targeted biologics. Future directions in the field of keloid research and innovations will emphasize personalized combination therapies and digital risk management, as well as other early bioengineered interventions resolving aberrant cellular cascades at their onset.
Keywords: commercial market analysis, extracellular matrix remodeling, health equity, hypertrophic scar, keloid, scarring, tissue engineering, translational therapeutics, regenerative medicine
©2026 Kamal,, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.