Journal of
eISSN: 2373-4426
Submit manuscript...
Literature Review Volume 10 Issue 3
Splenogonadal fusion: a literature review
Youssef Kadouri, Damien Carnicelli, Mona Phelippeau, Jean Jacques Roux, Pierre Bondil
Departement of Urology, Mohamed V University, Morocco
Department of Urology and Andrology, Center Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, France
Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Center Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, France
Received: April 29, 2020 | Published: May 22, 2020
Citation: Kadouri Y, Carnicelli D, Phelippeau M, et al. Splenogonadal fusion: a literature review. J Pediatr Neonatal Care. 2020;10(3):66-69. DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00414
Abstract
Introduction: Spleno-gonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly, defined by the presence of ectopic splenic tissue caused by an abnormal connection between the spleen and the gonad or mesonephrotic derivatives during the embryonic period. Materials and methods: By reporting an observational case and performing a review of the literature according to the PRISMA recommendations (using the PubMed database and guidelines from urology, general surgery and pediatrics learned societies), we present the embryological genesis of the spleno-gonadal fusion, the associated anatomical anomalies and the diagnostic procedure. Observation: We report the case of a patient aged 45, with no notable history, reporting left testicular pain. A small nodule on the upper pole of the left testicular was clinically palpable. Tumor markers were normal, and scrotal ultrasound depicted a hypoechoic hypervascular nodule measuring 8*6*8mm. After validation in a multidisciplinary oncology consultation meeting and opinion from an uro-andrologist expert, the patient underwent an inguinal lumpectomy with an extemporaneous examination which did not objectify any signs of malignancy. Ultimately, it is normal spleen tissue in the testicular ectopic position. Discussion: Spleno-gonadal fusion corresponds to a rare congenital malformation, less than 200 cases have been published in the literature, most often affecting boys, with a sex ratio of 15/1. Two types are described, depending on the continuity of the link between the orthotopic spleen and the gonad: The continuous and discontinuous form. In a third of the cases there are associated congenital malformations and particularly in the continuous forms (44 to 50% of the cases): anomalies of the limbs, micrognathia, microgyria, hepatic and digestive abnormalities. Cryptorchidism is associated with the continuous form in 31% of cases. The preoperative diagnosis remains difficult because of its morphological and clinical characteristics suggesting a tumor process.
Keywords: splenogonadal fusion, congenital anomalies, cryptorchidism, testicular masses
©2020 Kadouri, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.