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Narative Review Volume 16 Issue 3
Neonatal respiratory diseases associated with failure of cardiopulmonary transition: a narrative review
Adriana Saito Jasper, Matheus Flenik Vieira, Pedro Antônio Bertelli Barbosa, Antonio Eleuterio da Silva Neto, Alex Fey, João Cesar Lyra
Received: September 08, 2026 | Published: September 24, 2026
Citation: Jasper AS, Vieira MF, Barbosa PAB, et al. Neonatal respiratory diseases associated with failure of cardiopulmonary transition: a narrative review. J Pediatr Neonatal Care. 2026;16(3):141-145. DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2026.16.00634
Abstract
The neonatal period is characterized by marked physiological vulnerability and accounts for a substantial proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly during the first days of life. Cardiopulmonary transition involves complex physiological changes, including lung aeration, clearance of fetal lung fluid, progressive reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary blood flow, and functional closure of the fetal shunts. Failure or delay in these processes may result in a spectrum of respiratory, cardiovascular, and systemic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the physiological mechanisms underlying neonatal cardiopulmonary transition. It discusses the main neonatal diseases associated with impaired transition, including transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The article discusses their pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, and current management strategies, emphasizing early recognition, appropriate respiratory and hemodynamic support, and evidence-based care.
Keywords: newborn, neonatal diseases, cardiopulmonary transition, respiratory distress, respiratory failure
©2026 Jasper, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.