Opinion Special Issue Psychiatrist Cures Justice - II
Retired, Assistant Clinical Professor Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
Correspondence: Dr. Samuel A Nigro M.D., Retired, Assistant Clinical Professor Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2517 Guilford Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118, USA, Tel 216 932-0575
Received: April 19, 2014 | Published: June 16, 2015
Citation: Nigro SA (2015) Exorcising Racism. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry 2(6): 00107. DOI: 10.15406/jpcpy.2015.02.00107
“Discovery is seeing what everyone else sees and thinking what no one else thought.” --Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi
“All doctors should spend two years in prison. They’d treat their patients better, as fellow flawed human beings.” --Walker Percy in The Thanatos Syndrome, p 81.
Prison is basically a warehousing of inmates to be counted 3 times daily. Basic meals, clothing, hygiene, sleeping, medical care are routinely provided. Eighty percent are expected to return back to prison after serving their sentences. The atmosphere is one of strained laughter, crudeness, and solitary watching one’s own little television or listening to one’s own little radio and taking care of one’s bunk space. Simple busy-work jobs and activities are routine also, secondary to physical muscle building exercises. Informative education programs are encouraged with limits on numbers able to enroll. All falls into “punishment” routine even if it is just passive nothingness. “Rehabilitation” somehow needs to be the punishment—but only if the rehabilitation is reconditioning into positive socialization not expected nor even wanted by the prisoners…”If you do not like it, do not come back.” Rehabilitation means that the “punishment” is a new way of life totally different from what prisoners have experienced. There was little “rehabilitation” in my experience.
A GLIMPSE OF PRISON LIFE (Skip this section, if you are not interested in this vision of prison life—to read this is to “feel” prison. Get in an uncomfortable chair and be there). Prison is only one huge, almost 6 page, paragraph of compression. One thinks of fraternity house life and religious retreats gone wrong. But overall, prison was a military like regimentation made easy by my past experiences in the Navy—It was sort of like being on a big submarine only with no mission and with a crew of tattoo covered, muscle bound, exercising men with markedly deprived backgrounds, poor communication skills, under-supported civility, inadequate education, sometimes limited intelligence, overly independent lifestyles, easily bewilderment with hiding behind loud nonsense, resistant to change, unsustainable relationship abilities, and extremely coarse obscene verbalizations about anything and everything. The food never approached the extraordinary wonderful Navy submarine delights. The fears in prison never reached that of killing 250 million Soviets as we counted down during “battle stations missile” about three times a week knowing that if we actually fired those missiles, World War III had started with much of the United States gone. The number of Hail Marys for me in prison never approached that of submarine missile shooting countdowns.
One does feel smothered however. The guards are often foul mouthed, hostile, militaristic without mission and thus often hostile beyond the need to demonstrate authority. Transportation outside the prison is almost always in uncomfortable handcuffs and chains. It is crowded. Living space, if not a cell, is a large over-crowded dormitory room of about 10 rows of 10 bunk-beds on each row. Inmates tend to be preoccupied with admitted and sought after “escape from life” by alcohol, marihuana, and “highs” from misuse of drugs, especially pain medications and narcotics. They will try anything to “escape” (from “life”) by induced highs wherever they are. There is a low level competition about what was, who had, and what gave the “best highs” over the years. Methamphetamine makers brag of chemistry sophistication and their sixty monthly buyers of Sudafed used to make the methamphetamine. Tales abound of pharmacists cooperating with drug dealers including buying back narcotics so they can sell them on the streets themselves.
At my first Catholic Mass, a young man who ended up serving the Mass, came up to welcome me; seeing his name was “Tony” I asked if he was Italian—“No, I am Cherokee” and we bantered a bit with his using a “Native American saying, that the Creator gave us 2 ears so we can hear from both sides”…in reference to “judges having only one ear” and only listening to prosecutors. Hispanic card players tell clever anti-Catholic jokes. Protestants distort Catholicism especially by “Catholics worship Mary” to which I always retorted, “Just like Protestants worship the Bible.” Muslims have meetings and argue about which power group directions to follow. Blacks study rap and write rap and talk incomprehensively using “nigger” every other word—it seems to be a staged loud meaningless “look at us” sham emoting, to fool non-blacks into thinking they are missing whatever the blacks are pretending to talk about (The less than one milligram of melanin, about the tip of an ordinary lead pencil, characterizing those with dark skin from “white”, cannot account for the anti-intellectual and anti-social self-stressing habits preliminary to “escape” needs). The black groups often perform their “look at us” routines at meal times also. Otherwise, color is for the most part irrelevant. I witnessed a bright no-nonsense black guy (not one of the loud “groupies” mentioned) on the upper bunk greet his new white guy mate on the lower bunk with, “Hi, I’m Chris, and I’m not black.”
Shaking hands now, the white guy said, “I’m David, and I’m not white.” They got along fine—I am still stunned at this marvelous glimpse of the "oneness" these two muscle bound tattooed toughs showed each other, which should characterize all humanity, as lived by these 2 criminals whom I give unbridled respect rarely felt about others even outside of prison. Known child sex abusers are labeled, shunned and aggressively treated. Scattered groups go to the infirmary, library, recreation, chapel, school, commissary, work, dining room, and clean and work as porters for every building. After waiting in hot sun for two hours in commissary line, the guy five places in front of me and three places from the door to the commissary (almost there after a two hour wait!), loses it in a rage when a dude just walks up to break into the line in front of him—The enraged says, “oh no you don’t” and began to slug the line-breaking guy over and over, being unable to stop as the line-breaker inadequately defended himself stating “time out” over and over as his nose and face bled profusely— Guards came, used mace, handcuffed both, and took them to the Hole.
Without the guards, the striking out prisoner would never have stopped—I hope never to see such rage again. You sense that everyone is a bomb. Once in a long waiting-line, I commented, “Patience is a virtue.” The guys who heard me wanted to know what that meant—and I tried to explain about virtue and patience—they had never heard about either. Continuous crude joking and obscene genital obsessions are routine. Television shows and movies loudly portray salacious, anti-social violent men and women all foul mouthed and verbally threatening—the women worse than the men—I’ve never seen or heard such from women—these are movies routinely watched—no one can respect women after those movies. Television sets are on two walls in the dorms about 20 feet off the ground; and there is one in the conference room which has about 20 chairs, a pool table and exercise equipment.
CDs are available and channels are watched as picked usually by the first person who entered the room. The negotiations about what to watch are easy going and not a problem all deferring to whoever turned on whatever. Occasionally, a dude will come in and bizarrely change the channel to local “auto traffic” and then leave—I haven’t the faintest reason why, and someone else will then change back to what all were watching. Sex comments abound having nothing to do with sex in nature as in love or reproduction. Basically, one is surrounded by a bunch of dirty-minded schoolboys, each with multiple low grade disorders of attention deficit, learning disabilities, mood swings, rage reactions, impulse dyscontrol, obsessive-compulsive variants especially kleptomania and sexualized body dysmorphia, developmental deviancies, communication-vocabulary deficiencies, and micro-psychotic episodes, in varying mixtures rarely recognized in clinical practice and never in clinical studies (I kept saying to myself that 150 mg of lithium should be a daily ingestion at least for all of us). After months living with them, I find the idea of “personality disorders” to be nothing more than a collective term for variations of the multiple low grade co-morbid disorders already mentioned. Most will admit to anything or do anything suggested by guards if it will make their life nicer in some way.
Most can relate in pro-social positive engagements for various intervals, especially to me as an old guy frequently hearing, to my surprise, “I respect my elders” when I received a simple un-requested gesture of support in a meal line or laundry for example. I was “pop” or “the old man” then “old school” and finally just “school.” Whatever, I tried to do my share and be one of whatever “team” was put together. Occasionally, there was an announcement that “All military veterans can go to the head of the line”…there were only a few of us, and no one complained to my surprise as we walked to the front. But most often, any positive or neutral interaction was temporary, always replaced by an extreme intense spontaneity which proclaims a selfish survival “in your face” style. Amazing microwave cooking experts abound offering everything from pizza to chocolates, and there are lines for use of the microwaves. There are book seekers and book traders. There is an underground, prohibited-but-ignored by guards, economy for noodles, candies, soups, envelopes, coffee, rice, tobacco, drugs, soap and any commissary item. Every item has value for games of poker and rummy especially. Dining hall announcements: “Thirteen minutes to eat, so eat fast.” (I would laugh at this “rehabilitation.”) You are unable to read the minds of a few inarticulate guards so you just do what the guy in front of you did. There is a frightening and disturbing frequent automatic thought of “What can I get away with?” about whatever presents itself. On admission, medical, psychological and dental reviews take place, quite competent and reasonably thorough.
The infirmary is open daily, appointment required except for emergency. Many are on medications and there is a medication call three times daily requiring prisoners on meds to go to the infirmary except for benign meds like vitamins which could be kept in one’s lock box at one’s bunk. Any complaint or suggestion can be officially made by filing “kites”—a one page form to complete for anything from wanting to go to the infirmary to describing a guard mistreating someone. Restrooms consist of 3 large connected rooms: Entry is into the sink room (about 40 sinks on one wall each with mirror) with entrances at both ends, and opposite the sink wall were 2 large rooms, one for showering and one for toileting; the large shower room (about 15 showers on each left and right walls); and the toileting room with 20 urinals on the left and 20 toilet seats on the right; all individual spaces, between each shower, urinal and toilet, are separated by 4 foot high brick walls for privacy and a hook at the entrance to hang clothes. Each inmate has a laundry bag marked with your bunk number.
Each dormitory row has a free laundry day each week—miss it and you can get your laundry done for a bag of noodles or equivalent as determined by the prisoner running the laundry. You have to supply your own laundry soap each time. Mail is hand delivered by guards to you at your bunk usually daily or you are called to the guard room to pick it up; all mail is opened and searched first; stamps are removed and not allowed because they can be doctored to give “highs.” All compete vigorously with tales of abject misery, hopeless neglect, calculated mistreatment, best “highs,” degraded women totally out of touch with genuine femaleness in nature for the planet, and extensive mistreatment by the law and most others prior to prison. There are a few scattered likely true stories of unjust incriminations, false evidence creation, probation hostility, judicial incompetent rulings and bewildering unfairness of bureaucrats. Prisoners regularly confirm Charles Dickens’ “The law is an ass,” and I wonder if prison was his source. Laws are seen by prisoners to create fees and facilitate guilt.
The “conceit” of judges is universally thought intrinsic to law. Everyone admitted guilt deserving prison except a few who really felt wronged--but I was surprised at the calm admission of guilt but all was semi-rationalized by what society had offered them from birth. The Grand Jury is a one-sided “kangaroo court” confirming the joke known as “equality before the law.” Prosecutors and investigators are considered a “gang out to get you” pure and simple—and just as criminal—“prosecutors and investigators get away with what we didn’t” is frequently heard or implied. All felt abused by the law at some time and would require videotaping of all interviews of any and all potential witnesses with all videotapes open to all parties—witnesses are considered to be just coached actors usually with something to gain if they say what the prosecutor wants. No one thinks the legal processes are transparent. Most think legal malpractice is universal, and “the law is lawless” because it is what the attorneys and judges “can get away with.” When, during court procedures, a numbered law is referenced, most think it should be read aloud in its entirety for justice’ sake each time. This is so the accused might really understand what the law actually was; that the law was relevant; and, most importantly, that the judge had heard the laws and
knew for sure which laws being used—most inmates thought that no one including judges could really remember all in the laws without going over them each time ever mentioned.
The inmates did not trust the judge or anyone. (I would add, that reading the full law each time mentioned in court would ensure the court records are complete ala’ trends with medical records now requiring more and more confirmation.) Due process is routinely thought non-existent. Fairness, justice, truth are myths to most, regardless of their admitted misdeeds and crimes. And I heard a Great Course CD which proclaimed that the law was not interested in “truth or justice but legalisms.” Universally, the probation process was considered an extra-court scheme of self-incrimination, legal counsel deprivation, and recycling of prisoners, proving the law considers criminals to be “commodities.” All think it should be illegal for anyone in the legal system to own stock in private prison companies, pharmaceutical companies, and prison support companies, because of conflict of interest—convictions should be overturned if any member in the legal process, or immediate family, owned stock in such companies. All give victimization tales of how the probation process lets the judge be outside the law; thus the judge can act out any non-judicial personal opinion and “feelings” against the accused which is supposed to be prohibited by law-image-hyperboles of in-court judicial sanctimony.
All felt seeing one’s probation officer without legal representation was a great risk for being duped into incarceration again. Probation experience is universally one of being “booby-trapped” and “body-bagged.” Everyone feels “equality before the law” is a joke—the prosecutor is superior in every respect. And to speak freely to the press about any judicial or legal flim-flam will inflame the judge and prosecution into worse treatment and worse sentencing, something my own attorneys said over and over—It was like they were protecting the judge and the prosecutor more than me…except for probability of the threatened worse sentencing (which seemed to me to be flagrantly unjust if that is what actually happens—I thought the “law” was supposed to be above all personal pettiness and sensitivity, especially that of the judge). Almost every prisoner’s story has complicating aspects involving others and related deeds. There seems to be agreement that there is a sub-rosa conspiracy between long standing defense attorneys and prosecutors to adjust behavior and messages for public relations reasons—woe to the attorney or citizen who makes the judge, prosecutor, or elected public servant sound or look bad in public. Most inmates will admit to guilt, however, and wish they had better lives and stayed away from drugs. From overheard banter, it seems all are deprived of traditional family experiences and are overwhelmingly under-supported by non-incarcerated family and friends—one gets the sense that family and supporting others are un-socialized (have those “multiple low grade disorders” mentioned above) almost the same as the inmate but just not in prison yet.
Many have no place to go and sabotage release plans so they can stay longer (For them, it is not as lousy in prison as out). Some tell of having, when about to “hit bottom” again, willfully perpetrated a “benign” criminal act to come back to prison, where, from my observations, human conditions for meals, clothing, cleaning, shelter, and activities are probably better than for 80% of free humans trying to survive elsewhere on the planet (Regardless, if it is that “good”, it is still not “rehabilitation”). Eighty percent are recidivists many times. The youngest, under 21, are especially sad, as they bluster around unable to listen to any effort by older inmates giving good advice—it is like all the young ones cannot attend to serious talk. Most inmates talk fondly and sadly about their children, all wanting to do something to prevent them from going bad (“What can I tell them so they don’t end up here?” is frequently heard, and I have collected a list of aphorisms to be published soon, I hope). There are many unwritten rules, especially: Mind your own business. Sometimes, that doesn’t work: During trash recycling in the hot outdoors, the guard is instructing us by intensive aggressive military "HURA"; and the tough inmate next to me shouts as he points to me, “This old guy says you should shut the f--- up!” I held my arms up, shrugging my shoulders, with a wide-eyed puzzled look.
Everybody laughed, including the guard who then settled into a more pleasant instructing. Put your belongings under lock and key. Stay calm. Don’t engage deeply with what you hear. Do not accept anything from anybody. Be careful of accepting help or becoming beholden to anyone. Cautiously stay with your small group if you have one. Be friendly but make no friends. Keep yourself, your stuff, and your bunk space clean. Keep your privacy private. The worst thing you can do is feel sorry for yourself. Keep busy by reading, studying, and going to activities especially jobs and religious services and studies. Write your ideas down as soon as you get them. Stay in crowded areas where there are guards. Never fight—You will be sent to the Hole and lose whatever program you are in. If you are isolated from many, you will become a target of gangs which will intimidate and co-opt you into doing “favors” for them, favors which in the long run will extend your prison stay. I was astonished that our culture creates millions of these men.
That it does so is a tragedy of the failure of family life due to the failure of the press and media to offer the transcendent and creating a culture that needs drugs to “escape.” Finally, for me, in the prison experience, the Catholic Mass, the Rosary, the library, the litanies, the Christian meetings, and the commissary lines were the most peaceful reflective intellectually pleasing near-levitations ever experienced—my own “escape” I guess. The bareness of prisoners was never more clear than the day I left…with 7 others. I was met by a son and daughter and driving home wonderfully. All the others were taken to the bus station in Columbus with about $80 in cash, no job, no place to stay, no one to assist for the most part.
Rehabilitation proposals
To rehabilitate a diverse prison population, a uniform submersion into a safe pro-social overload is needed. The “punishment” continues but it should be a deprivation and replacement of behaviors and experiences which got the inmates to prison in the first place. Overall, what I witnessed in prison borders on the useless in terms of rehabilitation. It was just “more of the same” for most whose lives were deprived, abuse filled, and without any type of sustained success. Most were being as crudely treated as in their non-incarcerated lives. In contrast, “rehabilitation” means that real justice is empathic and forces a prosocial habit-forming productive routine:
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