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Research Article Volume 13 Issue 3
Prevalence of hepatitis B and syphilis co-infection and its association with ABO/Rh blood groups among Sudanese blood donors, Sudan
Maha Adam M Hamid, Yassir Mahgoub Mohamed, Nadir Abuzeid, Leila Mohamed A Abdelgader, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Eman Mirghani O Hamza, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Received: October 24, 2025 | Published: November 5, 2025
Citation: Hamid MAM, Mohamed YM, Abuzeid N,et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and syphilis co-infection and its association with ABO/Rh blood groups among Sudanese blood donors, Sudan. J Microbiol Exp. 2025;13(3):113-116. DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2025.13.00442
Abstract
Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major challenge to blood safety in low-resource settings. This study assessed the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Syphilis co-infection and its association with ABO/Rh blood groups among Sudanese blood donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Blood Bank in Khartoum State from January to August 2015. A total of 35,385 donor samples were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and Syphilis antibodies using ELISA. ABO and Rh blood grouping were performed by standard agglutination. Results: HBV mono-infection was detected in 3.6% (1,274/35,385) of donors, Syphilis mono-infection in 2.6% (905/35,385), and HBV–Syphilis co-infection in 0.2% (76/35,385). All co-infected donors were male, with the majority aged 31–40 years (60.5%). Blood group O Rh-positive was most frequent among co-infected individuals (39.5%), followed by A Rh-positive (35.5%) and B Rh-positive (19.8%). Critically, all co-infected donors were family replacement donors. Conclusion: HBV–Syphilis co-infection is uncommon among Sudanese blood donors but remains a transfusion risk. The predominance among O Rh-positive donors suggests a possible biological association that requires further investigation. Strengthening voluntary donation and advanced screening methods is essential to enhance transfusion safety.
Keywords: Hepatitis B, syphilis, co-infection, blood donors, blood group, Sudan
©2025 Hamid, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.