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Research Article Volume 6 Issue 1
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Acquired Urinary and Genital Tract Infections
Battikhi MN
Battikhi Central Laboratories, Jordan
Received: November 23, 2017 | Published: January 24, 2018
Citation: Battikhi MN (2018) Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Acquired Urinary and Genital Tract Infections. J Microbiol Exp 6(1): 00181. DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2018.06.00181
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of antibiotics on isolates from urinary and genital tracts of Jordanian women where better understanding of antibiotic treatment policy may lay out.
Method: This study was conducted during summer 2016 where total of 268 patients were referred to the laboratory for urine and HVS culture out of which 132 revealed microbial growths. One hundred and ninety seven (197) midstream urine samples were collected in the laboratory while seventy one high vaginal swabs were referred. Samples were inoculated in duplicate aseptically and incubated aerobically at 37°C. Colony forming units were counted 24 hours later, and if count ≥ 100,000/ml, antimicrobial sensitivity studies were then performed and read after a further 24 hours. Nutrient, blood, Chocolate and MacConkey agar media were used for HVS. Plates were inoculated in duplicate aseptically and were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic condition at 37°C for 24 hours. Microorganism identification and characterization using routine morphological and biochemical methods were applied. Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was the selected medium for sensitivity test. Commercial multidisc and single sensitivity discs were used for susceptibility test. Zone of inhibition was then measured to determine the level of susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics. Data obtained in this study were analyzed using SPSS version16.0
Results: One hundred and one (51.3%) and 31 (43.7%) revealed positive growth for urine and HVS respectively. The rate of urinary tract Infection (UTI) was significantly higher than genital tract infection (P<0.001). Escherichia coli revealed the highest prevalence 38 (37.6%) in urinary tract, while Staphylococcus aureus was the highest isolates in genital tract 8(25.8%). S. aureus and coliforms showed the next highest rates 16(15.8%) and 15(14.9%) respectively followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14(13.9%) for urine samples. Other bacterial species include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus feacialis, Proteus mirabilis and Bateriodes were isolated with various prevalence rate. The prevalence of Candida albicans for HVS and urine was 10(32.3%) and 6(5.9%) respectively while Lactobacillus spp. was solely isolated from HVS. Meropenem and imipenim showed 100.0% for urine isolates followed by levoloxacin 97.9%, 99.3%.They were the most active antibiotics, followed by tobramycin (95.5%,92.2%), cefoxitin (89.5%,94.1%) and ciprofloxacin (89.5%,86.2%). No statistical significant variation in drug susceptibility between isolate from urine and HVS. The percentage of multidrug resistance was 61.1% and (57.1%) for urine and HVS isolates respectively. The rate of multidrug resistance was higher than 50.0% for both urine and HVS samples.
Conclusion: The high resistant rate of to antibiotics should be considered. There was no statistical significant variation in drug susceptibility between isolate from urine and HVS .The rate of multidrug resistance in both samples is high (>50%).These results are worrisome and essential care should be taken in maternity unit and drug prescribing policy should be monitored and updated.
Keywords: Efficacy, Urinary tract, HVS, Multidrug resistance, Pregnancy, Gynecology, Uriginital, Pyelonephritis, Vaginitis, Hypertension, Morbidity, Hormonal, Candida, Escherichia coli, Pathogenic, Bacteria, Antenatal, Antibiotic, Isolates
©2018 Battikhi. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.