Providing aesthetic by direct laminate veneer restorations of three patients with enamel defects at anterior region

doi:10.15406/jdhodt.2017.08.00304

Journal of

eISSN: 2373-4345

Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy

Case Report Volume 8 Issue 6

Providing aesthetic by direct laminate veneer restorations of three patients with enamel defects at anterior region

Suzan Cangul

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Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dicle University, Turkey

Correspondence: Suzan Cangul, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey

Received: November 03, 2017 | Published: November 10, 2017

Citation: Cangul S. Providing aesthetic by direct laminate veneer restorations of three patients with enamel defects at anterior region. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2017;8(6):625-627. DOI: 10.15406/jdhodt.2017.08.00304

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Abstract

One of the most important aspects of modern dentistry is the restoration of the lost dental aesthetic of the patient. Over the years new treatment materials and methods for this purpose have emerged. Dentists generally prefer more conservative approaches such as laminate veneers instead of full ceramic crowns in anterior restorations, where aesthetic is important. Laminate veneers applied by two different methods, direct and indirect, are used to correct existing abnormalities, colorations and aesthetic defects. Direct composite laminate veneers based on the direct application of the composite resin in the clinic, which do not require a laboratory stage, are preferred due to their convenient cost and single seance finish.

Keywords: composite, laminate veneer, anterior aesthetic

Introduction

One of the most important aspects of today's dentistry is to restore the patient's natural appearance in addition to function and phonation.¹ Color, shape, structure and position abnormalities of the teeth lead to important aesthetic problems for the patients.²Often preferred methods for this purpose are prosthetic restorations.³ However, these restorations have many disadvantages, such as excessive preparation of teeth and damage of surrounding tissues such as gums.⁴ Dentists have gone directly to expand the indications of composite resin restorations, as patients' have increased demands for aesthetic restorations and their desire to protect healthy tooth structure.⁵ Together with improvements in modern adhesive techniques, the properties of composite resins have been increased and clinicians have introduced a safe and direct method to restore teeth.^6,7Thus, one of the basic goals of restorative dentistry is to complete the treatment of single seance anterior region with this method. Over the last decade, ongoing advances in composite resins, adhesive systems, and restorative techniques have led to significant improvements in aesthetic dentistry.⁸The most important advantages of composite restorations are their minimum preparation size with their adhesive properties, their aesthetic appearance and strengthening the remaining tooth structure.⁹ Dental discolorations, fractures, caries lesions, and disorders in tooth alignment affect not only quality of life, but also aesthetic appearance and deterioration of the harmony in the smile.^9,10 Direct composite veneers used to restore the aesthetics of damaged teeth for this purpose are good treatment options.¹¹ Laminate veneers are restorations designed to correct existing abnormalities, aesthetic disorders and color changes.¹² The main indications for these restorations are colored teeth, chronical fractures, palatal position teeth, congenital or acquired malformations, rotational teeth, diastemas, colorless restorations, absence of lateral incisors, abrasions and erosions.^1–3 These restorations, which offer quite good aesthetic results, are based on the principle that a composite resin is applied directly to the tooth surfaces. when compared with prosthetic approaches and indirect laminate veneer except for the necessity of tooth preparation, this technique is very cost, the treatment is reversible and an additional adhesive system is not required.^13,14 The irregular morphology of the enamel causes serious problems in the aesthetic appearance.¹⁵Treatment options are determined by the severity of the loss of enamel. In these studies, three patients who applied to our clinic with loss of enamel were restored with a direct composite laminate veneer.

Case reports

Three patients with enamel defects in the lower and upper teeth of the anterior region were referred to the Restorative Dental Treatment Clinic of Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed after the patient's anamnesis was obtained. As a result of these examinations, periodontal tissue was found to be healthy and not to be a pathological symptom. The patient was informed about the causes of the problem and treatment options. The patients did not accept an excess preparation in their teeth, so direct composite laminate veneer restoration which is a more conservative treatment option was decided. After the initial photographs of the patients were taken, the colored teeth of patients due to habits such as tea, coffee, and smoking were cleaned first. After cleaning, tooth colors were determined using a scale. Cotton rolls were placed to ensure isolation and patients were made ready for treatment. First, guide grooves were opened with a fissure bar under water cooling. Then, these grooves were prepared using a chamfer bur as to be 0.5mm in depth, 0.2mm in the mesial and distal contact points, and 0.3mm in the gingival step. 37% orthophosphoric acid (Vococid; Vocos, Cuxhaven, Germany) was applied for 15 sec at dentin and 30 sec at enamel surfaces. The all in one bonding agent (Adper Single Bond, 3M ESPE, USA) was applied to all prepared surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions with a brush, dried with lightly air, then polymerized for 10sec using a LED light source. Before composite restoration, color evaluations were performed again and the first layer was polymerized by placing the opaque resin in order to avoid dark color reflections in the palatinal regions. Subsequent layers were finished with composite resin (Gradia Direct) using incremental technique, each layer was polymerized for 40 seconds. In the same way, gaps between teeth were closed after transparent bands were placed in the gingiva with sufficient convexity. The surplus in the restored teeth was removed with micro-granular flame-tipped drills and polished using Sof-lex (3M dental products) discs. After that, the patient was taken to the control after 6 months (Figures 1-4).

Figure 1 Comparison of beginning and ending photographs of the first patient from different angles.

Figure 2 Comparison of beginning and ending photographs of the second patient from different angles.

Figure 3 Comparison of beginning and ending photographs of the third patient from different angles.

Figure 4 Comparison of beginning and ending photographs of the third patient from different angles.

Discussion

Today, the success of dental treatments has greatly increased with improvements in aesthetic materials. In order to perform treatment with a minimum preparation in the anterior region, natural-looking laminate veneer restorations that meet the aesthetic needs of patients have been developed.¹⁶ Laminate veneer restorations, which have become treatment alternatives for aesthetic problems in recent years, are applied in two forms, direct and indirect.^2-12 Deciding between the two methods, factors such as time, social and cost are the factors are considered.Direct laminate veneers which don't require laboratory stage, have advantages such as immediate aesthetic result, low cost, good marginal compatibility and reversible treatment.^17,18 Indirect laminate veneers have disadvantages such as high costs, irreversible treatment, long time taking and additional cementation procedure.¹⁹ The positive properties of composite resins, such as different color options, easy application, good durability, and low solubility in the mouth, have increased the superiority of direct laminate veneers.²⁰ Also composite laminate veneers have been extensively researched and supported with various clinical and laboratory studies.^21,22 There are also long follow-up studies on these restorations. We also performed direct laminate veneer restorations on the anterior teeth of three patients with enamel hypoplasia at the request of the patients. Likewise, diastemas were also closed by this treatment method.

Result

Although direct laminate veneers have some disadvantages such as coloration and fragility, they have become a good treatment option in the aesthetic problems of anterior teeth for patients because of the advantages of new composite resins. The satisfaction of patients after treatment is the greatest indication of this.