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Short Communication Volume 7 Issue 1
Metals interaction with DNA and its characterization by MALDI-TOF MS
Manuel Méndez García
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Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
Correspondence: Manuel Méndez García, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. 04510, México
Received: April 04, 2024 | Published: April 11, 2024
Citation: García MM. Metals interaction with DNA and its characterization by MALDI-TOF MS. Int J Mol Biol Open Access. 2024;7(1):60-61. DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2024.07.00169
Introduction
The interaction between biomolecules and metals plays a very important in omics sciences (metallomics and metalloproteomics) and is related to other areas of research such as biochemistry, environmental sciences, and medicine. In this context, the combination of several techniques and methodological procedures can provide great information on the study of the interaction of metal with various types of biomolecules.1 Viewed in this way mass spectrometric techniques are the most suitable for the development of analytical procedures that allow obtaining simultaneous information on the characterization and quantification of a molecule, which can be applied to studying metal-biomolecule interactions. Particularly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS and ESI-MS) have been focused on the study of interactions of several metals with molecules of low (carbohydrate, lipids, and amino acids) and high (proteins, DNA, RNA, and polymers) molecular weight.2 Generally, ESI-MS and MALDI-MS are suitable due to their high sensitivity and reproducibility, however, the use of MALDI-MS is preferred due to the possibility of simultaneous and automated analysis of many samples in a short time, which facilitates the study of the metal-biomolecule interactions.3–5
In general, the analysis of nucleic acids by mass spectrometry with MALDI ionization and time of flight how mass analyzer (MALDI-TOF MS) has been little studied compared with proteins, in this context, the DNA can be analyzed in positive and negative modes, although the negative mode is preferred due to the density of this charge on the surface of the DNA molecules. In this sense, MALDI-TOF MS has been employed extensively for oligonucleotide studies, which shows good performance for its detection. In this respect, Heetebrij et al.6 have reported the typical sample amounts required are in the low picomole range, and laser vaporization of intact single-strand DNA molecules of ~100 bases. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS spectra of protein-DNA complexes have been reported by Ji et al.7 Based on this, metal-oligonucleotide interactions, especially with the anti-tumoral cis-platinum complex, are of utmost importance. In this regard, Bruchert et al.8 reported a study in vitro for the analysis of oligonucleotide-cisplatin interactions by MALDI-TOF MS; in this work, Bruchert et al.8 proposes the use of MALDI-TOF MS as a complementary strategy to characterize the structure of the metal-adducts generated. Likewise, other MALDI-TOF MS applications, such as bacterial genotype analysis9 and monitoring of DNA modifications, could allow the study of dysregulation of the replication DNA process.10
On the other hand, the binding modes of DNA-ruthenium complexes with MALDI-TOF MS were investigated by García-Fernandez et al; likewise, reaction products between Pt(II) complexes and DNA constituents, were also characterized by MALDI-TOF MS.11 Three new Pt-complexes were recently obtained by reacting an alanine derivative (Tiox-Ala) with K2PtCl4; in this work, MALDI-TOF MS was used for the characterization of Tiox-Ala-based Pt(II)-complexes.12
Conclusion
Finally, compared to techniques such as UV spectrophotometry,13 NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction14 and biochemical techniques analysis of the interactions of DNA with metals by mass spectrometry, mostly with MALDI-TOF MS, requires less time and smaller amounts of analyte. Also, MALDI-TOF spectra are acquired in a few seconds. Lastly, the desorption of intact monocharged DNA molecules by MALDI-TOF MS makes this analytical technique successful for studies of DNA-metal complexes.
Acknowledgments
None.
Conflicts of interest
The author declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
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