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Research Article Volume 11 Issue 1
Biochemical Assessment of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Albumin (ALB) Levels among blood donors infected with viral hepatitis and malaria in Ife East local government area, Ile Ife, Osun state, Nigeria
Olaniran O, Olaniran OO, Adewoyin AA, Salawu SA, Dada OS
Received: April 21, 2026 | Published: May 14, 2026
Citation: Olaniran O, Olaniran OO, Adewoyin AA, et al. Biochemical Assessment of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Albumin (ALB) Levels among blood donors infected with viral hepatitis and malaria in Ife East local government area, Ile Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. Int Clin Pathol J. 2026;11(1):11-17. DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2026.11.00222
Abstract
Background: Liver function markers are critical indicators of hepatic health, influenced by a complex interplay of lifestyle, genetics, and infectious agents. This study evaluated the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of elevated Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Albumin (ALB) levels within a diverse cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze liver biomarkers in relation to age, sex, occupation, education, blood group, and co-infections (Malaria, HBV , and HCV). Statistical significance was determined using p-value analysis to identify clinical correlations. Results: The overall prevalence of elevated biomarkers was recorded as AST (6.3%), ALT (4.8%), and ALB (7.5%). Age-specific analysis revealed the highest enzyme elevations in the 27–35 aged group (AST: 8.7%; ALT: 8.1%), while the highest ALB elevation (13.6%) occurred in those aged 18–26 years. Males exhibited higher elevation rates compared to females. Occupationally, students demonstrated the highest vulnerability, with elevated AST at 12.7% and ALB at 14.5%. Educational background influenced results, with secondary school leavers showing higher enzyme elevations than tertiary graduates. Analysis of blood groups indicated that B-negative (20.0%) and O-negative (14.6%) individuals were most susceptible to AST/ALT fluctuations. While no significant association was found between liver enzymes and Malaria or HBV (p > 0.05), a highly significant correlation was observed between HCV and Albumin (p=0.001), as well as general hepatitis infection and Albumin (p=0.016). Conclusion: The results suggest that liver stress in this population is largely driven by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, particularly among younger adults and students. While viral infections like HCV do not significantly impact transaminase leakage in this cohort, they significantly impair the liver’s synthetic capacity (Albumin). These results underscore the need for targeted metabolic screening in young adults and the inclusion of protein panels in viral hepatitis management.
Keywords: AST, ALT, albumin, hepatitis B and C viruses, blood group, malaria
©2026 Olaniran, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.